This is not a systemd or tomcat bug. As I explained in 
https://bugs.launchpad.net/cloud-images/+bug/1988498 , a broken systemd package 
got removed from the archive but the broken version got included into the 
docker image.
We'll release a new docker image soon to fix the problem. Let's track that in 
https://bugs.launchpad.net/cloud-images/+bug/1988498 and close this bug here.

** Changed in: systemd (Ubuntu)
       Status: Confirmed => Invalid

** Changed in: tomcat9 (Ubuntu)
       Status: Confirmed => Invalid

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1988523

Title:
  Cannot install tomcat9 on ubuntu:18.04

Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid
Status in tomcat9 package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  ### Steps to reproduce

  1. `docker pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04`
  2. `docker run --pull --rm -it docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04 bash`
  2. Inside the docker container:
      ```bash
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y tomcat9
      ```

  ### Expected result

  * `tomcat9` is installed successfully

  ### Actual result

  * Installation fails with unresolvable dependencies:

  ```bash
  root@c9849e6844d0:/# apt-get install -y tomcat9
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree
  Reading state information... Done
  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  or been moved out of Incoming.
  The following information may help to resolve the situation:

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   tomcat9 : Depends: systemd (>= 215) but it is not going to be installed
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
  ```

  Attempting to install systemd results in the following:

  ```bash
  root@c9849e6844d0:/etc/apt# apt-get install systemd
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree
  Reading state information... Done
  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  or been moved out of Incoming.
  The following information may help to resolve the situation:

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   systemd : Depends: libsystemd0 (= 237-3ubuntu10.53) but 237-3ubuntu10.54 is 
to be installed
             Recommends: libpam-systemd but it is not going to be installed
             Recommends: dbus but it is not going to be installed
             Recommends: networkd-dispatcher but it is not going to be installed
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
  ```

  ### Workaround

  * Installing tomcat9 works if you downgrade libsystemd:

  ```bash
  apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades tomcat9 libsystemd0=237-3ubuntu10.53
  ```

  ### Other info

  * Reproduced using docker image `docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04`, digest: 
`sha256:138ddf6a0815d0db123be28790ef1cc5691de06fe7d9951953e2011fd0761685`
  * Pulled from docker.io/library/ubuntu Fri Sep  2 07:57:03 UTC 2022

  I suspect this is caused by an issue in systemd having no version
  available that matches the latest libsystemd0, so I've included the
  `apt-cache policy` of systemd and libsystemd0 too.

  ```bash
  root@2d05688650c0:/# lsb_release -rd
  Description:  Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS
  Release:      18.04
  ```

  ```
  root@2d05688650c0:/# apt-cache policy tomcat9
  tomcat9:
    Installed: (none)
    Candidate: 9.0.16-3ubuntu0.18.04.2
    Version table:
       9.0.16-3ubuntu0.18.04.2 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 
Packages
          500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 
Packages
  root@2d05688650c0:/# apt-cache policy systemd
  systemd:
    Installed: (none)
    Candidate: 237-3ubuntu10.53
    Version table:
       237-3ubuntu10.53 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 
Packages
       237-3ubuntu10.50 500
          500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 
Packages
       237-3ubuntu10 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
  root@2d05688650c0:/# apt-cache policy libsystemd0
  libsystemd0:
    Installed: 237-3ubuntu10.54
    Candidate: 237-3ubuntu10.54
    Version table:
   *** 237-3ubuntu10.54 100
          100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
       237-3ubuntu10.53 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 
Packages
       237-3ubuntu10.50 500
          500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 
Packages
       237-3ubuntu10 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
  ```

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 18.04
  Package: tomcat9 (not installed)
  Uname: Linux 5.10.104-linuxkit x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.28
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Fri Sep  2 07:49:52 2022
  ProcEnviron:
   TERM=xterm
   PATH=(custom, no user)
  SourcePackage: tomcat9
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

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