Thank you for taking the time to report this bug and helping to make
Ubuntu better.

Storing the temporary initramfs in /tmp has a drawback that /tmp might
be on a different volume that /boot and that it conflicts with the -b
parameter.

I suggest to implement following:
* Add a global variable for setting the temporary directory which defaults to 
/boot
* This global variable can be overridden by the configuration file in 
/etc/initramfs-tools/update-initramfs.conf
* Add an option to update-initramfs to change the temporary directory 
(overrides the global variable)

That way the current behavior is preserved, but you can change the
directory in /etc/initramfs-tools/update-initramfs.conf

** Changed in: initramfs-tools (Ubuntu)
   Importance: Undecided => Medium

** Changed in: initramfs-tools (Ubuntu)
       Status: Confirmed => Triaged

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1616262

Title:
  Unable to update initramfs with small boot partition

Status in initramfs-tools package in Ubuntu:
  Triaged

Bug description:
  I have a small 100MB boot paritition and an initramfs that is 37MB.
  Once you add in all the usual clutter in /boot there is 25MB or so of
  free space left. I have a single kernel installed, there are no older
  versions floating about.

  When I run the update-initramfs script, it fails with :

  gzip: stdout: No space left on device
  E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
  update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic with 1.

  Looking at the default update-initramfs script, it appears to try and
  create the new initramfs image on the boot partition, then rename it
  to the current one in use. It fails at the cpio step as there is
  insufficient room for both initramfs images in the partition.

  I have tweaked the script to allow it to create the initramfs image in
  /tmp and then move it to the desired location (as opposed to creating
  it / renaming it in the same location), however while it works for me
  (tm) I'm unsure if this breaks any other behaviour.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 16.04
  Package: initramfs-tools 0.122ubuntu8.1 [modified: usr/sbin/update-initramfs]
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.4.0-21.37-generic 4.4.6
  Uname: Linux 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64
  NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia_uvm nvidia
  ApportVersion: 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.1
  Architecture: amd64
  CurrentDesktop: MATE
  Date: Wed Aug 24 10:36:33 2016
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2016-08-23 (0 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Linux Mint 18 "Sarah" - Release amd64 20160628
  PackageArchitecture: all
  ProcEnviron:
   TERM=xterm
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
   LANG=en_AU.UTF-8
   SHELL=/bin/bash
  SourcePackage: initramfs-tools
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

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