Debian doesn't always get things right or the way things get packaged can be confusing. For instance the AR9170 firmware is available in the package firmware-atheros in non-free. The ar9170 firmware is free. If I'm not mistaken the ar9170 is completely free as it is itself a rewrite of code Atheros released. The only way I think the included binary could be non-free is if Atheros released a non-free binary the original free driver. Now this might not make sense although if it was packaged by Atheros with other non-free Atheros firmware and then simply imported into Debian's non-free repository you can see how this could happen. However that would be hard to believe with the AR9170 driver because it is a rewrite of the free code Atheros released and thus the author would not have had the ability to change the license (if based off the original code at least).

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