> 1:  Cam to Cam chat.  Flash has the ability to do online chatting with  
> people; audio and video.  I have yet to see a Flash Alternative that
can also 
> interact with these sites.  Could something like this be built with
Free  
> Software Java?

Look at WebRTC for just one example. The better way to do this is not
using someone else's website, though -- help decentralize the internet
and use software on your own computer.

> 2:  Flash is used to make games and other interactive environments.
 How  
> close is HTML5 to doing this?  I've seen some rudimentary HTML5
games, but  
> nothing yet that compares to most flash games.

JavaScript + Canvas

> 3:  Is there any way to make a plug in that can translate embedded
flash  
> videos into HTML5 video so that we can still access old videos that
won't  
> likely ever convert to HTML5?  I that even possible?

There are things available - A quick internet search returns results.
One such program that can convert Flash is FFmpeg. Others exist too.

> 4:  Many sites use Flash to make their sites more interesting; such as  
> animations, sound, and music.  Can Freely available Java or anything
do this  
> as well?  Also, what about sites already using Flash to do this? 
Similar to  
> point three, much of the 'advanced' internet is built in Flash.  It
gets  
> annoying visiting sites that are largely 'black out' without a Flash
Player.

Flash isn't needed for websites. I rarely encounter sites that must
depend on Flash. If I do I leave. If you encounter one you can do the
same, possibly even writing to them and asking them to use internet
standards. If someone wanted a nice & "flashy" website, the tools
provided by HTML 5, CSS 3, and JavaScript provide all that's needed
are are much more standardized than Flash ever was -- remember that
the Flash specification is even incomplete, as the article says, so
not only does the author of the site become dependent upon Adobe but
they force the visitors of their site to be as well.

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