Adobe Flash Player is proprietary; you shouldn't use it. Trisquel does come
with Gnash, a free Flash player, but it's incomplete and only really works
for YouTube videos (and some really old Flash media that uses Flash 8 and
prior) as it is.
I think Java 6 (OpenJDK) is installed by default, and Java 7 is available in
the repo. I don't know if the IcedTea plugin is installed by default either,
but it's available in the repo if it isn't.
IceCat is not available in the repo, but the browser included by default is
Abrowser, Trisquel's own un-branded version of Firefox. rekonq is available
in the repo.
Calligra is available in Trisquel's repo.