The device is not working for a simple reason. Linux-libre blacklists all the
drivers that relies on proprietary/non-free firmwares, thus even if you
install the required packages, it will not work although the driver is in
place.
All the Ralink NICs (without exception) relies on firmware blobs, whose
source code was never released by the manufacturer. You need to look for only
those, which meet on of the following requirements:
- free driver that does not require/relies on firwmare files
- free driver + free firmware combo
The only free software compatible external wireless USB adapters that are
able to met these requirements are the following (sorted by generation,
oldest to newest):
- Realtek RTL8187L/B + RTL8225 (rtl8187) - old, only the IEEE 802.11b/g
standard is supported, which is limited to 54Mbps - list of supported
adapters
- Atheros AR9170 + AR9101/2/4 (carl9170) - draft-n standard era, there can be
problems with these chips - list of supported adapters
- Atheros AR9271 or AR7010+AR9280/7 (ath9k_htc) - final-n, this is your best
bet when choosing what to buy - list of supported adapters
So first you need to sell your recently bought adapter, then buy a free
software supported one. The best price/performance, or price/quality ratio
can be achieved with adapters from TP-Link (depending on model). A very
popular one is the TL-WN722N, but since you need some outdoor model, you need
to look through the provided lists. If you doesn't find one, take a look at
the TL-WN822N V2 model (FCC ID: TE7WN822NV2), which has two external
non-detachable antennas and provides up to 300Mbps internet connection with
wide signal range.
