Before doing anything else, backup! Make a LUKS container and a volume group in it. This way you only have to enter one passphrase to decrypt the whole thing. When creating the LUKS container, if you had unencrypted data in that part of the disk, you should choose to wipe it so that it can't be accessed again. This may take some time. Afterwards, you can create the volume group and partition your system however you want (I usually make 3 logical volumes: /, /home, and swap). It is unnecessary to create a separate unencrypted /boot partition as used to be the case. Once you reach the step of installing GRUB, you will get an error. You need to enable GRUB's cryptodisk module so that it can decrypt the partition. Switch to a tty and go to the place where the installation is mounted. Edit the etc/grub/default file and add the following line:
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
The GRUB installation should then succeed, as well as the rest of the installation.

You will have to type your passphrase twice when booting up. To avoid this, see http://www.pavelkogan.com/2015/01/25/linux-mint-encryption/.

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