Looks like a simple 'in' is faster both when it's there...>>> Timer("'D' in {'D':123}.keys()").timeit() 0.93669924584355613 >>> Timer("'D' in {'D':123}").timeit() 0.34678047105990117 ... and when it isn't... >>> Timer("'E' in {'D':123}.keys()").timeit() 0.99194670371434768 >>> Timer("'E' in {'D':123}").timeit() 0.34795386410769424 >>>
That's because dictionaries are iterable by default, so if you're calling keys() you're just adding the overhead of another function call, and (I think) also generating a whole list as well (but keys() may return an iterable as well.)
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