It also dates back to when the basketball tournament truly was
regionalized.  There were no at-large bids, you had to win your
conference tournament to get in or be the top independent.  Each of
the conferences was designated to a region, so some regions would have
7 teams while others would have 6.  This helped UCLA a lot during
their run, since they didn't play anyone near their caliber until the
Final Four (usually a bye and a quick dispatching of two lesser
teams), while the schools in the other conferences had tougher roads.

In 1971, USC was ranked #2 in the country and didn't make the
tournament, because they couldn't beat UCLA.  In 1974, Maryland was
ranked #3 in the country and didn't make the tournament, because they
couldn't beat North Carolina.  In response, the NCAA bumped the
tournament up to 32 teams.  At this point, they also allowed teams to
leave their regions for the sake of seeding.  The tournament
eventually grew to 64 teams by 1985, where it's been ever since.

In some of the lesser (i.e. don't make money) tournaments the usual
pattern is to figure out who the eligible teams are, give the top
teams seeds and have them host a 4-team bracket (called pods), and do
the rest by geography, even if that makes for some unbalanced
brackets.  All NCAA sports also have what is called the 400 mile rule,
meaning that any travel during a tournament must be by ground
transportation if the distance between your school and the tournament
site is less than 400 miles.  To try to maximize this, they will often
try to get all 4 schools in a grouping to be within 400 miles where
possible into a pod, or get three in a pod and allow one to travel by
air.  In soccer, baseball or softball, where there is a
disproportionate amount of schools in the South and West, they will
often give a lesser team hosting privileges in order to keep the
travel at a minimum.

The only sports where the NCAA makes any money on the tournament is
men's basketball and men's hockey.  Everything else loses money, so
saving $$$ is the key.  Basketball doesn't quite go to the extremes as
the others do in respect to the 400 mile rule, so you'll see a lot
more time zone hopping.  Also, since the NCAA considers "a flight is a
flight" once it's beyond the 400 mile rule, a three time zone jaunt is
not unexpected.


--Mike

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