The number 4 is the soname of the shared library, which is libtiff.so.4.
In general, the soname of the shared library is not related to the
version number of the package, but is instead a count of the number of
times the binary interface to the shared library has changed.
Historically, the reason that the debian and ubuntu tiff library is
installed as libtiff4 is because, at a particular point in the history
of libtiff, there was an accidental application binary interface change
introduced in the library.  In order to prevent old applications from
crashing when the new library was installed, the version number on the
library had to be bumped.  The maintainers of the libtiff software are
aware of this, and when tiff 4.0.0 is eventually released, the shared
library version number will be 5, and the package will be called
libtiff5.

I believe there is bigtiff support in the hopefully upcoming 3.9.0
release of libtiff as well, and this release is backward compatible with
the current packages.  The tiff maintainers have not yet released
version 3.9.0, but as soon as they do, it will appear in debian, from
where it will soon migrate to Ubuntu.

I hope this helps.  I'm the maintainer of the tiff packages for debian,
by the way.  I don't generally follow bug reports on Ubuntu, but I check
in from time to time just to see if there's anything I need to be
concerned about.

--Jay Berkenbilt <q...@debian.org>

-- 
Libtiff-3.8.2 is distributed as libtiff4
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/370472
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