Okay, I've got the situation slightly improved...

I read HD-audio.txt in the kernel documentation
(http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt) and it
mentioned the great frequency of problems with internal speaker outputs
with this driver.

It explained that the following /var/log/messages error is not a huge
deal *IF* the BIOS is correctly configured:

  hda_codec: Unknown model for XXXXXX, trying auto-probe from BIOS...

Well, presumably my BIOS is *not* correctly configured, since neither
Linux nor Windows can use the internal speaker with the default
settings.

So, as suggested by HD-audio.txt, I tried different "model" parameter
values with snd-hda-intel (list of choices is here:
http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt).
I tried the "model=basic" option listed for the ALC269 codec.

And now the internal speakers work!!!  *But* there are other problems:

(1) When I plug headphones into the heaphone jack, the internal speakers
are not muted.  There is apparently no way to get this to happen
automatically with the basic model.  (Pulseaudio gets confused if I try
to tweak the front vs. headphone settings separately via Alsamixer...
but I'll call that a Pulseaudio bug.)

(2) Alsamixer doesn't know about the correct microphone input options
for this computer

(3) There's a little red LED inside the headphone jack which is supposed
to be used to transmit digital audio using IEC958 or S/PDIF.  With the
"model=auto" setting, I can turn this LED on or off by enabling or
disabling "digital audio" via the mixer controls.  But with the
"model=basic" setting, the LED stays off.  Although I don't have the
equipment to use digital audio myself, I assume that it wouldn't work
with "model=basic".

SUMMARY: Basically, it seems that there is a BIOS problem on this
computer that does not set up the correct defaults to allow the internal
speakers to work.  So probably a new snd-hda-intel "model profile"
should be constructed for this notebook.  I would be happy to explore
this further, if someone would give me advice on how to get started
doing it.  Thanks!!

-- 
no sound from integrated speakers (Realtek ALC269, snd-hda-intel driver)
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/445889
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