I can confirm this error. I assume your backup is being run as a non-
root user?

It would appear as if rdiff-backup is trying to read/list directories
before applying the --exclude rules.

andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ mkdir -p from/alpha/beta/gamma
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ sudo chown root:root from/alpha/beta/gamma/
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ sudo chmod 700 from/alpha/beta/gamma/
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ mkdir to
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ rdiff-backup --exclude '**/alpha' from/ to/
ListError alpha/beta/gamma [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'from/alpha/beta/gamma'
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ rm -rf to/*
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ strace rdiff-backup --exclude '**/alpha' from/ to/ 2>&1 
| grep gamma
lstat("from/alpha/beta/gamma", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=40, ...}) = 0
open("from/alpha/beta/gamma", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 
EACCES (Permission denied)
write(2, "ListError alpha/beta/gamma [Errn"..., 81ListError alpha/beta/gamma 
[Errno 13] Permission denied: 'from/alpha/beta/gamma'
andreas@stilgar:~/temp$ 

The test above was performed with the currenty natty version rdiff-
backup 1.2.8-5ubuntu3.

This seems to be from the same root cause as http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-
bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=508063

** Bug watch added: Debian Bug tracker #508063
   http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=508063

** Also affects: rdiff-backup (Debian) via
   http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=508063
   Importance: Unknown
       Status: Unknown

** Changed in: rdiff-backup (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Triaged

** Changed in: rdiff-backup (Ubuntu)
   Importance: Undecided => Low

** Summary changed:

- Unexpected error report
+ rdiff-backup tries to read/list directories, no matter --exclude rules.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/725083

Title:
  rdiff-backup tries to read/list directories, no matter --exclude
  rules.

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