The proposed workaround does not work if the connection is still being
intercepted and returning invalid responses. It addresses point 2 of
comment #70, but not the other four causes.

I suggest that a challenge-response mechanism could help to detect
intercepting proxies and provide better feedback to the user. Any
feedback on the idea would be appreciated.

When a BADSIG error occurs....
1. Send a random string to a specific Ubuntu Web service.
2. Calculate a hash of the same string.
3. Compare the server response to the calculated hash. If a non-error response 
is received without the hash occuring anywhere in the response, the connection 
has been intercepted.
4. If it has been determined that the connection is being intercepted, the user 
can be alerted of the potential reason for the BADSIG error. If using a gui 
tool, the user can be guided to determine if the problem is an authentication 
issue (by opening a page in a browser) and given the opportunity to cancel the 
update or confirm the cause of the problem and retry.
5. If the same, or very similar response is received in future, we can discard 
the response and abort and optionally remind the user of the previous cause of 
the problem.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/24061

Title:
  GPG error with apt-get/aptitude/update-manager behind proxy (BADSIG
  40976EAF437D05B5)

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