Public bug reported:

I just upgraded a working 10.04 LTS server to 12.04 LTS. The server has
two non-boot drives in a software RAID1 configuration. This array worked
fine in 10.04 LTS.

When the machine boots I should get one active array, /dev/md0
consisting of /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1. Instead, I get dumped to a
busybox session and after quitting that and booting I get two inactive
arrays: md0 (consisting of /dev/sdc1 as spare) and md127 (consisting of
/dev/sdb as spare). If I run mdadm --detail /dev/md0 or mdadm --detail
/dev/md127 I get that the device does not appear to be active.

Once I've finished booting, I can assemble my array manually by running
mdadm --stop /dev/md0 and mdadm --stop /dev/md127 and then assembling
the array with mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1.

Below are the results of some troubleshooting:
$ lsb_release -rd
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS
Release:        12.04


$ apt-cache policy mdadm
mdadm:
  Installed: 3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2
  Candidate: 3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2
  Version table:
 *** 3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 
Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     3.2.3-2ubuntu1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages


$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] 
[raid10]
md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S)
      1953513408 blocks

md127 : inactive sdb[2](S)
      1953514496 blocks

unused devices: <none>


$ mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 0.90.00
           UUID : a4176cee:096f0ba6:40663db4:2b8b6d2c
  Creation Time : Thu Jul  7 09:32:01 2011
     Raid Level : raid1
  Used Dev Size : 1953513408 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
     Array Size : 1953513408 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0

    Update Time : Wed Apr  3 10:32:36 2013
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0
       Checksum : d685ab7e - correct
         Events : 722


      Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
this     0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1

   0     0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
   1     1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1


$ mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1
/dev/sdc1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 0.90.00
           UUID : a4176cee:096f0ba6:40663db4:2b8b6d2c
  Creation Time : Thu Jul  7 09:32:01 2011
     Raid Level : raid1
  Used Dev Size : 1953513408 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
     Array Size : 1953513408 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0

    Update Time : Wed Apr  3 10:32:36 2013
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0
       Checksum : d685ab90 - correct
         Events : 722


      Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
this     1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1

   0     0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
   1     1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1

** Affects: mdadm (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1164008

Title:
  mdadm devices not recognized correctly at boot

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