Yes, different. Editing those system-level files affects keyboard 
mapping for ALL users. But this bug is about .Xmodmap, which is 
per-user. My post noted that even xkb maps are lost on suspend/sleep.

Converting .Xmodmap files to xkb is straightforward. After manually 
loading the desired .Xmodmap file, then:

[[ -d "$HOME/.xkb" ]] || mkdir $HOME/.xkb
xkbcomp $DISPLAY $HOME/.xkb/xkb-map

Then edit $HOME/.xkb/xkb-map, which is fairly intuitive, if needed. 
Next, since the file won't load automatically no matter what, I did:

echo 'xkbcomp $HOME/.xkb/xkb-map $DISPLAY' >> ~/.bashrc

This way, at least the map can be loaded by just popping open a 
terminal. (Remove the 'xmodmap .Xmodmap' line in .bashrc, if it was there.)

On single-head, multi-user systems where everyone doesn't use the same 
keyboard map, instead of just being able to switch users, it would be 
necessary to change configuration and restart (if control is only 
system-wide). Completely unacceptable. This bug really needs fixing.


On 03/01/2015 12:03 AM, Rafael Nonato wrote:
> I don't think we are talking about the same thing when we talk of XKB. To
> clarify what I am talking about, I meant editing the files under
> /usr/share/X11/xkb/
>

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1243642

Title:
  .Xmodmap not automatically loaded on start

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