$ echo "now: $(TZ=GMT date)"; wget -S -q 
http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/vivid/Release -O /dev/null
now: Fri Apr  3 14:37:31 GMT 2015
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Date: Fri, 03 Apr 2015 14:37:31 GMT
  Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)
  Last-Modified: Fri, 03 Apr 2015 14:28:00 GMT
  ETag: "34f32-512d2c15bbc00"
  Accept-Ranges: bytes
  Content-Length: 216882
  Cache-Control: max-age=1228, proxy-revalidate
  Expires: Fri, 03 Apr 2015 14:58:00 GMT
  Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
  Connection: Keep-Alive

So the 'Expires' is most definitely in the future.  This one is
currently 21 minutes in the future.

I didn't say that the solutions I pointed to were complete, but the fact
that people are attempting to solve the problem (and doing so
incorrectly) should indicate a need for a good solution.

It would seem possible for apt to go through the sources.list
(+sources.list.d/*) and figure out what it was going to download.  It
could decide  based on previously stored headers or a global default "5
minutes" or a per-mirror default if it should bother.  Of course it
would make sense to have the ability to force.

running 'apt-get update' on a system does take real time. On a cloud instance 
with a on-network mirror:
% TIMEFORMAT='real=%3lR user=%3lU sys=%3lS' bash -c 'for i in $(seq 1 10); do 
printf "%-3s " $i ; time apt-get update -q >/dev/null; done'
1   real=0m3.987s user=0m3.628s sys=0m0.244s
2   real=0m4.052s user=0m3.688s sys=0m0.220s
3   real=0m3.980s user=0m3.656s sys=0m0.204s
4   real=0m4.077s user=0m3.676s sys=0m0.272s
5   real=0m4.068s user=0m3.732s sys=0m0.228s
6   real=0m4.052s user=0m3.688s sys=0m0.236s
7   real=0m4.201s user=0m3.812s sys=0m0.248s
8   real=0m4.247s user=0m3.852s sys=0m0.252s
9   real=0m4.059s user=0m3.688s sys=0m0.256s
10  real=0m4.064s user=0m3.680s sys=0m0.252s

It just seems reasonable to me, that operations 2->10 could take .002
seconds.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1429285

Title:
  feature request: apt-get update --if-necessary

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