Hi, provide my study here :-)

As far as I can see to support TRIM via USB bridge the USB bridge chip
MUST support SCSI / ATA Translation(SAT)'s ATA PASS THROUGH command in
order to pass the TRIM command to the disk.

Reading drive's S.M.A.R.T. data is similar to TRIM which they both
require working ATA PASS THROUGH command, you may checkout following
webpages for more info:

* [USB – smartmontools](https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/USB)
* [Supported_USB-Devices – 
smartmontools](https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_USB-Devices)

and YES, external HDD closure's controller may not provide this
functionality, make sure to checkout the chip's datasheet before
purchasing any new one(while some may support this functionality via
controller firmware upgrade most of them don't)

However even you can read S.M.A.R.T. data using smartmontools utility,
TRIM is still (currently) not possible for unknown reason, might be the
usb-storage kernel module issue I guess.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1336541

Title:
  No TRIM via USB

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