Ok, it seems the output above is emitted pretty much every time mysqld
fails to start. I noticed in /var/log/mysql/mysql.error that there was a
my.cnf issue, and solving it made the installation work ok on 14.04.

I did a separate test now to confirm the issue. Indeed, on a 14.04
system with mariadb-5.5.41 installed, upgrading to current vivid
provided mariadb-10.0.16 fails. The apt-get output looks above and root
cause is the mysqld daemon failing to start. In syslog I could see:

***
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: /usr/sbin/mysqld: 
symbol lookup error: /usr/sbin/mysqld: undefined symbol: pcre_stack_guard
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: Installation of system 
tables failed!  Examine the logs in
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: /var/lib/mysql for 
more information.
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: The problem could be 
conflicting information in an external
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: my.cnf files. You can 
ignore these by doing:
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]:     shell> 
/usr/scripts/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=~/.my.cnf
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: You can also try to 
start the mysqld daemon with:
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]:     shell> 
/usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant --general-log &
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: and use the command 
line tool /usr/bin/mysql
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: to connect to the 
mysql database and look at the grant tables:
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]:     shell> 
/usr/bin/mysql -u root mysql
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]:     mysql> show tables;
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: Try 'mysqld --help' if 
you have problems with paths.  Using
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: --general-log gives 
you a log in /var/lib/mysql that may be helpful.
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: The latest information 
about mysql_install_db is available at
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/installing-system-tables-mysql_install_db
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: MariaDB is hosted on 
launchpad; You can find the latest source and
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: email lists at 
http://launchpad.net/maria
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: Please check all of 
the above before submitting a bug report
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: at 
http://mariadb.org/jira
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28239]: 
Apr 14 23:42:02 timo-virtual-machine mysqld_safe[28279]: /usr/sbin/mysqld: 
symbol lookup error: /usr/sbin/mysqld: undefined symbol: pcre_stack_guard
***

Running just the bootstrap line showed:
***
# /usr/sbin/mysqld --bootstrap --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables 
--default-storage-engine=myisam --plugin-load-add=auth_socket
/usr/sbin/mysqld: symbol lookup error: /usr/sbin/mysqld: undefined symbol: 
pcre_stack_guard
***

Installing libpcre3 from vivid made that pcre_stack_guard error go away
but still upgrade/install fails.

Now the /var/log/mysql/error.log shows the line:
***
ERROR: 1064  You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that 
corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 
'USE mysql; DELIMITER //; CREATE PROCEDURE debian_plugin_install(IN plugin_name 
C' at line 1
***

I will try later installing the 10.0.17-1 package which should have that
postinstall script issue fixed.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1439950

Title:
  MariaDB 14.04 -> 15.04 upgrade fails

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