------- Comment From [email protected] 2016-03-23 10:29 EDT-------
Making comment from Mehmet Kayaalp external:

In the 4.4.0-15.31 kernel the reserved space is not filled with
randomized bytes. The second step of the build seems to be skipped.

---quote---
make vmlinux
scripts/insert-sys-cert -b vmlinux -c /dev/null
make bzImage

The 2nd step above changes the reserved memory to randomized.
---quote---

This results in a larger vmlinux when the key is inserted:

ubuntu@ubuntu-xenial:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu-xenial 4.4.0-15-generic #31-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 18 19:08:31 UTC 
2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

ubuntu@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo grep SYSTEM_EXTRA /boot/config-4.4.0-15-generic
CONFIG_SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE_SIZE=4096

ubuntu@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo ./insert-sys-cert -s 
/boot/System.map-4.4.0-15-generic -z /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-15-generic -c cert.x509
...
INFO: Inserted the contents of cert.x509 into ffffffff82075ffa.
INFO: Used 1308 bytes out of 4096 bytes reserved.
INFO: Executing: gzip -n -f -9 <vmlinux-PquuG7 >vmlinux-0ZuoLz
ERROR: Increase in compressed size is not supported.
ERROR: Old size was 6952429, new size is 6956652

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1558553

Title:
  IMA-appraisal is unusable in Ubuntu 16.04

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