** Description changed:

  [email protected] can (and often does) run for a particular interface before
  networking.service runs. This is brittle as during early boot ifup is
  prone to fail: / might still be read-only, /var might not yet exist or
  be writable, dhclient-enter-hooks.d/ or if-up.d/ hooks might silently
  fail, etc. It is also unnecessary as networking.service will bring up
  all "auto" and all present "allow-hotplug" interfaces anyway, and it
  runs at the right time.
  
  We should make either 80-ifupdown.rules or [email protected] ignore events
  until networking.service is active, or wait until after it has run
  (slower, but avoids race conditions when hotplug events happen while
- networking.service is running). Ideally adding After=networking.service
- ought to suffice (need to check that activating the unit is properly
- postponed until after networking.service), or we need to do that
- waiting/ignoring in the ExecStart= shell code.
+ networking.service is running). Thus we need to add
+ After=networking.service to [email protected], so that this only does stuff
+ after doing the "coldplug" configuration.
  
  This also affects cloud-init's setup of networking: this currently jumps
  through a lot of bad hoops to make sure that ifup@ does not run until
  after cloud-init-local.service. This includes blocking udev rules for an
  indefinite time, which is racy, a potential deadlock, and highly non-
  elegant.
  
  https://bugs.debian.org/752919 is related to this issue.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1577844

Title:
  don't run [email protected] before networking.service

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