So I did a little bisecting today on mainline x86_64 kernels with
CONFIG_SLUB:

v4.4                         Startup finished in 2.718s (kernel) + 11.831s 
(userspace) = 14.549s
v4.5                         Startup finished in 2.707s (kernel) + 12.777s 
(userspace) = 15.484s
v4.6-rc4-1018-g5a5f0792e98b  Startup finished in 2.970s (kernel) + 13.641s 
(userspace) = 16.611s
v4.6-3615-g1eccc6e1529e      Startup finished in 3.005s (kernel) + 14.063s 
(userspace) = 17.069s
v4.6-5396-g07b75260ebc2      Startup finished in 3.044s (kernel) + 14.932s 
(userspace) = 17.977s
v4.6-5931-gf4c80d5a16eb      Startup finished in 3.057s (kernel) + 13.429s 
(userspace) = 16.487s
v4.6-6084-g78975f23cba0      Startup finished in 3.050s (kernel) + 13.903s 
(userspace) = 16.954s
v4.6-5050-g18726ca8b34b      Startup finished in 3.015s (kernel) + 13.510s 
(userspace) = 16.525s
v4.6-5055-g6052b7880a95      Startup finished in 3.029s (kernel) + 13.519s 
(userspace) = 16.549s
v4.6-5058-g76b342bdc71b      Startup finished in 2.998s (kernel) + 14.179s 
(userspace) = 17.177s
v4.6-5060-g801faf0db894      Startup finished in 3.064s (kernel) + 14.667s 
(userspace) = 17.732s
v4.6-5061-g81ae6d03952c      Startup finished in 3.057s (kernel) + 18.357s 
(userspace) = 21.414s
v4.6-5073-g9cc3387fa29f      Startup finished in 3.073s (kernel) + 17.976s 
(userspace) = 21.049s
v4.6-5119-g682a3385e773      Startup finished in 3.089s (kernel) + 17.987s 
(userspace) = 21.077s
v4.6-6266-ga05a70db34ba      Startup finished in 3.037s (kernel) + 18.550s 
(userspace) = 21.588s
v4.6-7135-g0eff4589c36e      Startup finished in 3.008s (kernel) + 18.074s 
(userspace) = 21.082s
v4.7-rc5-1395-g877fa9a42ddc  Startup finished in 3.179s (kernel) + 19.147s 
(userspace) = 22.327s
v4.8                         Startup finished in 3.197s (kernel) + 20.836s 
(userspace) = 24.034s
v4.9.7                       Startup finished in 3.674s (kernel) + 20.034s 
(userspace) = 23.708s
v4.9.7 + the two patches     Startup finished in 3.518s (kernel) + 13.027s 
(userspace) = 16.546s

What we can observe from this:

The big bump came in
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/81ae6d03952c1bfb96e1a716809bd65e7cd14360
(or alternatively in
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/801faf0db8947e01877920e848a4d338dd7a99e7
for CONFIG_SLAB, if bz.k.o is trustworthy). This is likely fixed by
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/86d9f48534e800e4d62cdc1b5aaf539f4c1d47d6,
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/13583c3d3224508582ec03d881d0b68dd3ee8e10
and
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/89e364db71fb5e7fc8d93228152abfa67daf35fa.
The last two are not in stable, though.

Speaking of
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/86d9f48534e800e4d62cdc1b5aaf539f4c1d47d6,
this went into v4.8.7 as
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/68adb469dd3b28513c5b548df3437f2bc1a83e43,
so that may be the fix you were looking for in comment #65.

There are also lots of small performance regressions here and there that
may be difficult to bisect. A second in userspace between v4.4 and v4.5
and another second between v4.5 and v4.6. Some 300 ms in kernel between
v4.5 and v4.6, 200 ms between v4.6 and v4.7 and another 300 ms between
v4.8 and v4.9. That's here, on my .config and my hardware. Dimitrij has
10 seconds in kernel between v4.7 and v4.8-rc1, but I can't see anything
like that here. (In this case you might want to look into dmesg if it's
a general slowdown or there's one thing that blocks for 10 secs. I
suspect there might be.)

I think that these other slowdowns that I and Dimitrij and possibly
others are experiencing are likely unrelated to the main issue here
(https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172981,
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172991) and we'll need to
bisect further ourselves. :-)

** Bug watch added: Linux Kernel Bug Tracker #172981
   http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172981

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Title:
  [4.8 regression] boot has become very slow

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