Hi Jackow,
Thank you for taking the time to report this bug and helping to make Ubuntu 
better.

first as it might be interesting to you in general you might run
$ aptitude why postfix
This should help to understand by which dependency (chain) this is now 
installed.
If the discussion on the bug goes on reporting here would also be nice.

>From the Log:
newaliases: fatal: file /etc/postfix/main.cf: parameter setgid_group: group 
postdrop has same group ID as mlocate

I think that is the root cause.
There was a similar issue and some analysis a long long time ago in bug 378955
But no other report I heard of.

Is there something special to your mlocate setup?

To be sure please report back with
$ id mlocate
$ id postdrop

But much more IIRC this belongs to the setuid on newaliases.
newaliases is a symlink and depending on your current mailer points to 
something else, for example:
$ ll /usr/sbin/newaliases
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Apr 13  2016 /usr/sbin/newaliases -> ssmtp*

In your case likely from postfix.
Please check the target of that link and report it here:
$ ls -laF $(readlink -f /usr/sbin/newaliases)

And since these are groups not users you might want to check with 
$ getent group <groupname>
Use as groupname
1. mlocate
2. postdrop
3. whatever is the group of the link you checked above

Since it seems likely to me that this is a local configuration problem,
rather than a bug in Ubuntu, I'm marking this bug as Incomplete.

If you expect this to be a bug in Ubuntu please provide the inquired
information and set it back to status new.

** Changed in: postfix (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Incomplete

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1678496

Title:
  package postfix 3.1.0-3 failed to install/upgrade: Unterprozess
  installiertes post-installation-Skript gab den Fehlerwert 75 zurück

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