Public bug reported:

Checked to happen on several instance of Ubuntu 16.04 (64bit).

Setup: /dev/vdb6 partition is set for /tmp

/etc/crypttab:
cryptswap1 UUID=ba7eaa11-bfcf-4d28-917d-f9b4e2a48830 /dev/urandom 
swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64
crypttmp1  /dev/vdb6 /dev/urandom tmp=ext4,cipher=aes-xts-plain64

After the system boots, there's /dev/mapper/cryptswap1, but not
/dev/mapper/crypttmp1 available.

In /var/log/syslog:

Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: Starting Cryptography Setup for 
crypttmp1...
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: Starting Authenticate and Authorize
 Users to Run Privileged Tasks...
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd-cryptsetup[1162]: Encountered unknown 
/etc/crypttab option 'tmp=ext4', ignoring.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd-cryptsetup[1162]: crypt_load() failed on 
device /dev/vdb6.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd-cryptsetup[1162]: Failed to activate: 
Invalid argument
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: [email protected]: 
Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: Failed to start Cryptography Setup 
for crypttmp1.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: Dependency failed for 
dev-mapper-crypttmp1.device.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: dev-mapper-crypttmp1.device: Job 
dev-mapper-crypttmp1.device/start failed with result 'dependency'.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: [email protected]: 
Unit entered failed state.
Sep 24 18:15:03 ubuntu-1604 systemd[1]: [email protected]: 
Failed with result 'exit-code'.

After the boot sequence concludes, /tmp can be initialized manually, but
with quirks:

# cryptdisks_start crypttmp1
 * Starting crypto disk...                                                      
 * crypttmp1 (starting)..
 * crypttmp1 (started)...                                                [ OK ]
# ls /dev/mapper
control  cryptswap1  crypttmp1
# blkid
/dev/vda5: UUID="d604b9da-9ef0-4a88-b1e2-416104f6dac9" TYPE="ext4" 
PARTUUID="aa8f7570-05"
/dev/vdb5: UUID="ba7eaa11-bfcf-4d28-917d-f9b4e2a48830" TYPE="swap" 
PARTUUID="aa7293f2-05"
/dev/vdb6: PARTUUID="aa7293f2-06"
/dev/mapper/cryptswap1: UUID="2fef28d0-25df-4feb-96c5-cefef62b388e" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/crypttmp1: UUID="1b372ae0-5042-4cbf-9dfe-05d60e2c357c" TYPE="ext2"

(pay attention to filesystem type, despite the parameter tmp=ext4 )

# mount -t ext2 /dev/mapper/crypttmp1 /tmp
#

(note that /tmp filesystem is formatted as ext2, despite the parameter
in /etc/crypttab)

If 'tmp=' option is omitted from /etc/crypttab line for /tmp, no valid
filesystem is created on /dev/mapper/crypttmp1

** Affects: cryptsetup (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1719176

Title:
  cryptsetup fails to initialize /tmp encrypted by /dev/urandom during
  boot

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