I linked a couple other bugs here.
What I think we should do is have local datasources set the hostname (`hostname 
<foo>`) and update the system's config (write to /etc/hostname) at local time 
frame once per instance.

Then, on that first instance boot, the dhcp would occur with the cloud-
provider provided hostname.

That could be overridden by local system config (preserve_hostname) so
that it would not happen.

It seems to me to make sense right now for this to *only* happen at
local time frame.

** Description changed:

  Launch an instance on Azure (20171005.1) and I find in /var/log/cloud-init.log
  the following:
  
  2017-10-10 21:16:25,598 - DataSourceAzure.py[WARNING]: Failed publishing 
hostname: Unexpected error while running command.
  Command: ['sh', '-xc', 'i=$interface; x=0; ifdown $i || x=$?; ifup $i || 
x=$?; exit $x']
  Exit code: 127
  Reason: -
  Stdout: -
  Stderr: -
  2017-10-10 21:16:25,598 - util.py[WARNING]: handling set_hostname failed
  2017-10-10 21:16:25,598 - util.py[DEBUG]: handling set_hostname failed
  Traceback (most recent call last):
-   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py", 
line 286, in bounce_network_with_azure_hostname
-     prev_hostname=previous_hostname)
-   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py", 
line 637, in perform_hostname_bounce
-     'env': env})
-   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 2238, in 
log_time
-     ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
-   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 1847, in subp
-     cmd=args)
+   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py", 
line 286, in bounce_network_with_azure_hostname
+     prev_hostname=previous_hostname)
+   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py", 
line 637, in perform_hostname_bounce
+     'env': env})
+   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 2238, in 
log_time
+     ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
+   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 1847, in subp
+     cmd=args)
  cloudinit.util.ProcessExecutionError: Unexpected error while running command.
  Command: ['sh', '-xc', 'i=$interface; x=0; ifdown $i || x=$?; ifup $i || 
x=$?; exit $x']
  Exit code: 127
  Reason: -
  Stdout: -
  Stderr: -
  
- 
- The command output is  not captured, so we see in 
/var/log/cloud-init-output.log:
+ The command output is  not captured, so we see in /var/log/cloud-init-
+ output.log:
  
  + i=eth0
  + x=0
  + ifdown eth0
  sh: 1: ifdown: not found
  + x=127
  + ifup eth0
  sh: 1: ifup: not found
  + x=127
  + exit 127
- 
  
  This is not surprising, there is no 'ifup' or 'ifdown', so the attempt to
  "bounce" the network device in order to re-publish the hostname that
  has been set will fail.
  
  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 17.10
  Package: cloud-init 17.1-17-g45d361cb-0ubuntu1
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.13.0-12.13-generic 4.13.3
  Uname: Linux 4.13.0-12-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.20.7-0ubuntu2
  Architecture: amd64
  CloudName: Azure
  Date: Tue Oct 10 21:45:09 2017
  PackageArchitecture: all
  ProcEnviron:
-  TERM=xterm-256color
-  PATH=(custom, no user)
-  LANG=C.UTF-8
-  SHELL=/bin/bash
+  TERM=xterm-256color
+  PATH=(custom, no user)
+  LANG=C.UTF-8
+  SHELL=/bin/bash
  SourcePackage: cloud-init
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  user_data.txt:
+ 
+ Related bugs:
+  * bug 1674685: hostname ddns update is not done on azure with built-in agent 
path. 
+  * bug 1574963: juju2 lxd launch hostname reverse lookup inconsistent

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1722668

Title:
  Azure: bouncing of network device/publishing of hostname fails on
  artful

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