I made the next step.

After I have changed the user from saned to root in scanbd.conf I am
able to start scanbd and it starts polling the usb device.

scanbd.conf looks like this now:

# drop priviliges to this user
#=============================
# Linux (most distributions use the saned user):
# user    = saned
# ArchLinux (ArchLinux doesn't have saned user)
# user    = daemon
# *BSD
# user    = root
# user    = saned
user = root

I have started scanbd from command line and it works well.

$ scanbd -c /etc/scanbd/scanbd.conf -d7 -f
scanbd: foreground
scanbd: reading config file /etc/scanbd/scanbd.conf
scanbd: debug on: level: 7
scanbd: dropping privs to uid root
scanbd: dropping privs to gid scanner
scanbd: group scanner has member: 
scanbd: saned
scanbd: drop privileges to gid: 124
scanbd: Running as effective gid 124
scanbd: drop privileges to uid: 0
scanbd: Running as effective uid 0
scanbd: dbus_init
scanbd: dbus match type='signal',interface='org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager'
scanbd: SANE_CONFIG_DIR not set
scanbd: sane version 1.0
scanbd: Scanning for local-only devices
scanbd: found device: plustek:libusb:002:008 Canon CanoScan LiDE25 flatbed 
scanner
scanbd: start_sane_threads
scanbd: Starting poll thread for plustek:libusb:002:008

After I have pressed one of the buttons, scanbd calls my script - let's
say scan.sh - in order to finally run the scanimage command. Perfect!

Nevertheless, I said one step. The normal case is to start scanbd via
systemd. But in this case my scan.sh-script with scanimage does not find
devices. In this case I find the following messages in syslog:

Dec  8 13:41:28 my-desktop dbus-daemon[617]: [system] Activating via systemd: 
service name='de.kmux.scanbd.server' unit='dbus-de.kmux.scanbd.server.service' 
requested by ':1.270' (uid=1 pid=14081 comm="/usr/sbin/scanbm -c 
/etc/scanbd/scanbd.conf " label="unconfined")
Dec  8 13:41:53 my-desktop saned[14110]: saned (AF-indep+IPv6) from 
sane-backends 1.0.27 starting up
Dec  8 13:41:53 my-desktop saned[14110]: check_host: access by remote host: 
::ffff:127.0.0.1
Dec  8 13:41:53 my-desktop saned[14110]: init: access granted to 
saned-user@::ffff:127.0.0.1
Dec  8 13:41:54 my-desktop scanbd[12422]: scanimage: no SANE devices found
Dec  8 13:41:54 my-desktop saned[14110]: saned exiting
Dec  8 13:41:54 my-desktop dbus-daemon[617]: [system] Activating via systemd: 
service name='de.kmux.scanbd.server' unit='dbus-de.kmux.scanbd.server.service' 
requested by ':1.270' (uid=1 pid=14081 comm="/usr/sbin/scanbm -c 
/etc/scanbd/scanbd.conf " label="unconfined")
Dec  8 13:42:01 my-desktop systemd-resolved[496]: Server returned error 
NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying 
transaction with reduced feature level UDP.
Dec  8 13:42:01 my-desktop systemd-resolved[496]: Server returned error 
NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying 
transaction with reduced feature level UDP.


I haven't solved it yet. 

In general I guess that all this is related to permissions and roles.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1747115

Title:
  scanbd does not find scanner

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