Fix:
If you search your journalctl output and find an event like this:
Jul 07 20:45:20 ubuntu dbus-daemon[1064]: [system] Activating via systemd: 
service name='org.freedesktop.ColorManager' unit='colord.service' requested by 
':1.168' (uid=1000 pid=23634 comm="/usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gsd-color " 
label="unconfined")

and the timestamp coincides with the second (successful) login (look for
"GNOME Shell started" if you are using Gnome), and the first (failed)
login doesn't have a matching event like the above, then the following
might help:

# copy /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target to /etc/systemd/system/

# edit /etc/systemd/system/graphical.target, so that when you diff it against 
the original, you get something like this:
$ diff /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/graphical.target
14c14
< Wants=display-manager.service
---
> Wants=display-manager.service colord.service
16c16
< After=multi-user.target rescue.service rescue.target display-manager.service
---
> After=multi-user.target rescue.service rescue.target display-manager.service 
> colord.service

# next time you reboot the issue should be gone.


Explanation:
gsd-color is invoked by org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Color.desktop.
The event above is logged presumably when gsd-color requests the dbus service 
provided by colord.service.
One can reasonably guess a failed login happens when gsd-color makes the 
request but colord hasn't yet started, so it fails and when gnome shell gets 
tired waiting, it kills itself.
So we add colord as a dependency to be run prior to graphical.target.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1764417

Title:
  Unrecoverable failure in required component
  org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Color.desktop

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