Steps to reproduce. You need a NIC device capable of creating VFs in
order to reproduce this. I've reproduced with Intel E810, and XL710
NICs, but I think any NIC that creates VFs that DPDK can use should
work.

1. Download and build DPDK [https://github.com/DPDK/dpdk]
2. Create a virtual function on a NIC device by writing to sriov_numvfs in sysfs
3. Bind that VF device to vfio-pci rather than kernel driver. The 
"usertools/dpdk-devbind.py" script included with DPDK provides an easy way to 
do this. "dpdk-devbind.py -b vfio-pci <device>"
4. Run a DPDK application such as DPDK testpmd: ./build/app/dpdk-testpmd -l 1,2
5. Look for device probing information, as each device is checked. When the 
error occurs you get "Getting a vfio_dev_fd for <device> failed"

If you need more information about what DPDK is doing, you can enable
debug-level logging, which should show you the device probing as it
happens. Add "--log-level=*:debug" to the testpmd command-line, to
enable full logging. You can also replace "*" with specific components
to limit the debug output, e.g. "log-level=bus.pci:debug" to just see
extra device probing info.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2118903

Title:
  Cannot use VFs with DPDK on Ubuntu kernels

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