------------------------------------------------------------
revno: 3665
committer: Phil Bull <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
branch nick: ubuntu-hardy
timestamp: Sat 2008-02-16 12:50:17 +0000
message:
Reviewed add-applications. Made some small revisions and updates for hardy.
modified:
ubuntu/add-applications/C/add-applications.xml
=== modified file 'ubuntu/add-applications/C/add-applications.xml'
--- a/ubuntu/add-applications/C/add-applications.xml 2007-10-07 10:18:47
+0000
+++ b/ubuntu/add-applications/C/add-applications.xml 2008-02-16 12:50:17
+0000
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
<title>Adding, Removing and Updating Applications</title>
&legalnotice;
</articleinfo>
- <para>In this section you can learn how to use a package manager to add
or remove applications in Ubuntu with a few clicks. You can also learn about
more advanced techniques of managing applications and discover some optional
applications to add to Ubuntu and try.</para>
+ <para>In this section you can learn how to use a package manager to add
or remove applications in Ubuntu with a few clicks. You can also learn about
more advanced techniques of managing applications and discover some optional
applications which you can add to Ubuntu.</para>
<sect1 id="add-applications-introduction" status="complete">
<title>What is a package manager?</title>
<para>A package manager is a program that installs and
uninstalls software, and keeps track of all the components each piece of
software needs.</para>
<para>To add or remove applications in Ubuntu, you need to use
a <emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. It will automatically download the
software required from the Internet and install it.</para>
<para>There are three main package managers you can use in
Ubuntu:</para>
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><link
linkend="gnome-app-install"><application>Add/Remove
Programs</application></link> - The easiest way to install and uninstall
programs.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link
linkend="gnome-app-install"><application>Add/Remove
Applications</application></link> - The easiest way to install and uninstall
programs.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link
linkend="synaptic"><application>Synaptic</application></link> - Advanced
control of software and other system components.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link
linkend="apt"><application>Apt</application></link> - If you prefer using the
Terminal.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
</caution>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Open &software-properties; and press
<guilabel>Third-Party Software</guilabel>.</para>
+ <para>Open &software-properties; and press
<guilabel>Third Party Software</guilabel>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> to add a
new repository.</para>
@@ -66,70 +66,52 @@
</step>
<step><para>Press <guibutton>Add Source</guibutton> and
then click <guibutton>Close</guibutton> to save your changes.</para>
</step>
+ <step><para>You will be notified that the information
about available software is out-of-date. Press
<guibutton>Reload</guibutton>.</para>
+ </step>
<step><para>Most software repositories use a GPG key to
digitally sign the files they provide, which makes it easy to check that the
files have not been tampered with since their creation. In order for apt to be
able to check this, you need the public key that corresponds to the signatures.
The key should be available for download on the repository's website.</para>
</step>
- <step><para>Once you have downloaded the GPG key,
import the key by selecting the <guilabel>Authenticate</guilabel> tab, and
clicking on <guibutton>Import Key File...</guibutton>, and then selecting the
GPG key to be imported.</para>
- </step>
- <step><para>Click <guibutton>Reload</guibutton> in the
package manager to update the list of available packages.</para>
+ <step><para>Once you have downloaded the GPG key,
import the key by selecting the <guilabel>Authentication</guilabel> tab,
clicking on <guibutton>Import Key File</guibutton>, and then selecting the GPG
key to be imported.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gnome-app-install" status="complete">
<title>Add/Remove Applications</title>
- <para>With the <guimenuitem>Add/Remove…</guimenuitem>
item in the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu, you can install programs to
do new things with Ubuntu. You can also remove programs you do not want. You
need administrative access to use <application>Add/Remove
Programs</application> (see <ulink type="help"
url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more
details).</para>
+ <para>With the <guimenuitem>Add/Remove</guimenuitem> item in
the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu, you can install programs to do new
things with Ubuntu. You can also remove programs you do not want. You need
administrative access to use <application>Add/Remove Applications</application>
(see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink>
for more details).</para>
<para>If you know the name of a program you want to install,
enter it in the <guilabel>Search</guilabel> field. Otherwise, begin by choosing
a software category on the left.</para>
- <para>Programs that are already installed begin with a check
mark next to their name. Uncheck a program if you want to remove it from your
computer.</para>
- <para>When you click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>, any new software will be downloaded from the
Internet, and Ubuntu will make the changes you selected. If you have not
activated the online package archive, you may be asked to insert your Ubuntu
CD-ROM to install some packages.</para>
+ <para>Programs that are already installed have a check mark
next to their name. Uncheck a program if you want to remove it from your
computer.</para>
+ <para>When you click <guibutton>Apply Changes</guibutton>, any
new software will be downloaded from the Internet, and Ubuntu will make any
other changes you selected. If you have not activated the online package
archive, you may be asked to insert your Ubuntu CD-ROM to install some
packages.</para>
<para>Some software cannot be installed or removed using
<application>Add/Remove Applications</application>. If you cannot find the
package you are looking for, start the advanced package manager
<application>Synaptic</application> (see <xref linkend="advanced"/>).
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="offline" status="writing">
<title>Installing packages without an Internet
connection</title>
- <para>Other than using tools that download packages
automatically, it is also possible to use a CD to install packages through a
package manager while not connected to the Internet. The Ubuntu installation CD
can be used for this purpose, and other CDs with different packages are
available as well. Additionally, the program <application>APTonCD</application>
can automatically backup installed packages on your system, and create CDs with
the contents of various repositories on them.</para>
- <sect2 id="ubuntu-installation-cd" status="writing">
- <title>Installing packages using the Ubuntu installation
CD</title>
- <para>Some packages from the <emphasis>main</emphasis>
and <emphasis>restricted</emphasis> Ubuntu package repositories can be
installed from the Ubuntu installation CD. Simply insert your Ubuntu
installation CD and open &synaptic;. To list only packages on the Ubuntu
installation CD, click on the <guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button in the lower
left corner of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>. The
packages are listed under the <guimenuitem>Ubuntu 7.10_Gutsy
Gibbon</guimenuitem> section.</para>
- <para>If the packages are not listed, it may be because
the CD is not listed as a package repository (the CD should be listed as a
repository by default). To add the CD as a package repository: </para>
+ <para>Other than using tools that download packages
automatically, it is also possible to use a CD to install packages through a
package manager while not connected to the Internet. The Ubuntu installation CD
can be used for this purpose, and other CDs with different packages are
available as well. Additionally, the program <application>APTonCD</application>
can automatically backup installed packages on your system, and create CDs with
the contents of various repositories on them.</para>
+ <sect2 id="ubuntu-installation-cd" status="writing">
+ <title>Installing packages using the Ubuntu
installation CD</title>
+ <para>Some packages from the
<emphasis>main</emphasis> and <emphasis>restricted</emphasis> Ubuntu package
repositories can be installed from the Ubuntu installation CD. Simply insert
your Ubuntu installation CD and open &synaptic;. To list only packages on the
Ubuntu installation CD, click on the <guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button in
the lower left corner of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>.
The packages should be listed under the <guimenuitem>Ubuntu
8.04_Hardy_Heron</guimenuitem> section.</para>
+ <para>If the packages are not listed, it may be
because the CD is not listed as a package repository (the CD should be listed
as a repository by default). To add the CD as a package repository, follow the
instructions in <xref linkend="repository-cds"/>, below.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="repository-cds" status="writing">
+ <title>Enabling other CDs that can be used to install
packages</title>
+ <para>To enable <application>Synaptic</application> and
other package managers to install software from CDs which contain
packages:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Eject the CD.</para>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>Open the <emphasis>Software
Sources</emphasis> dialog by selecting <guimenuitem>Repositories</guimenuitem>
from the <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu of <application>Synaptic Package
Manager</application>.</para>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>Go to the Third-Party Software
tab and click on the <guibutton>Add CD-ROM</guibutton> button.</para>
+ <para>Press
<menuchoice><guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software
Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </step>
+ <step>
+ <para>Go to the <guilabel>Third Party
Software</guilabel> tab and click on the <guibutton>Add CD-ROM</guibutton>
button.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Insert the CD.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
- <para>The packages should then be listed.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="repository-cds" status="writing">
- <title>Enabling other CDs that can be used to install
packages</title>
- <para>To enable <application>Synaptic</application> to
install packages from CDs which contain packages:</para>
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>Open &synaptic;.</para>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>Open the <emphasis>Software
Sources</emphasis> tool by selecting <guimenuitem>Repositories</guimenuitem>
from the <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu of <application>Synaptic Package
Manager</application>.</para>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>Go to the Third-Party Software
tab and click on the <guibutton>Add CD-ROM</guibutton> button.</para>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>Insert the CD which contains the
packages.</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- <para>The packages should then be listed. To have
<application>Synaptic</application> only list packages from the CD, click the
<guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button on the lower left corner of
<application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>, then find the name of the
CD on the list on the upper left corner of
<application>Synaptic</application>.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="APTonCD" status="writing">
- <title>Using APTonCD to install packages</title>
+ <para>The packages should then be listed. To have
<application>Synaptic</application> only list packages from the CD, click the
<guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button on the lower left corner of
<application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>, then find the name of the
CD on the list in the upper left corner of
<application>Synaptic</application>.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="APTonCD" status="writing">
+ <title>Using APTonCD to install packages</title>
<para><application>APTonCD</application> can be used to
create a CD that contains all the packages you have on your system, or it can
create CDs with packages or entire repositories of your choice. In a package
manager such as <application>Synaptic</application>, find the
<emphasis>aptoncd</emphasis> package and install it.</para>
<para>Further documentation on
<application>APTonCD</application> can be found on its website, <ulink
url="http://aptoncd.sourceforge.net";>aptoncd.sourceforge.net</ulink></para>
- </sect2>
+ </sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="advanced" status="complete">
@@ -139,7 +121,7 @@
<title>Synaptic Package Manager</title>
<para><application>Synaptic</application> is an advanced
package management application that can install and remove every package
available to your system. The interface is graphical like
<application>Add/Remove Applications</application>, but presents much more
information and gives you complete control over the software on your
computer.</para>
<para>To launch <application>Synaptic</application>, press
&synaptic;.
- You need administrative access to use
<application>Synaptic</application>. See <ulink type="help"
url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more details.</para>
+ You need administrative access to use
<application>Synaptic</application>; see <ulink type="help"
url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more details.</para>
<para>If you know the name of the package you want to install
or remove, click the <guibutton>Search</guibutton> button, and enter the
package name or a short search term. You can also search for packages by
description (for example, you can find all packages mentioning
<quote><wordasword>arcade</wordasword></quote> or
<quote><wordasword>mathematics</wordasword></quote>).</para>
<para>Use the categories on the left to filter the list of
packages. To return to the list of categories after doing a search, click
<guibutton>Sections</guibutton>.</para>
<para>To install a package, click the box next to it and choose
<guimenuitem>Mark for installation</guimenuitem>. If you change your mind,
choose <guimenuitem>Unmark</guimenuitem>.</para>
@@ -151,7 +133,7 @@
<para>If you are comfortable using the Terminal, you can use
<application>apt</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) to
install or remove software. You need administrative access to
- use <application>apt</application>. See <ulink type="help"
+ use <application>apt</application>; see <ulink type="help"
url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more
details.
</para>
@@ -179,7 +161,7 @@
To list other <application>apt</application> commands and options:
<screen>apt-get help</screen>
</para>
- <para>For more information, see the <ulink url="&debian-apt;">Debian
<application>apt</application> manual</ulink>.</para>
+ <para>For more information, see the <ulink url="&debian-apt;">Debian
<application>apt</application> manual</ulink> and the <ulink
url="man:apt-get">apt-get manual</ulink>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="install-file" status="complete">
@@ -222,7 +204,7 @@
</warning>
<sect2 id="install-deb" status="complete">
- <title>Install/uninstall <filename class="extension">.deb</filename>
files</title>
+ <title>Installing/uninstalling <filename
class="extension">.deb</filename> files</title>
<para>
These files are <emphasis>Debian packages</emphasis>. The
package files associated with Ubuntu have the <filename
@@ -237,29 +219,30 @@
file, double-click on it. If you prefer using the Terminal, enter:
<screen>sudo dpkg -i
<replaceable>package_file.deb</replaceable></screen>
</para>
- <para>To uninstall a <filename class="extension">.deb</filename>
- file, deselect it in your package manager. Or from a Terminal,
- enter:
+ <para>You can use your package manager to uninstall a
+ <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> file once it has been
installed.
+ Alternatively, enter the following in a Terminal:
<screen>sudo dpkg -r <replaceable>package_name</replaceable></screen>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="alien" status="complete">
- <title>Convert <filename
+ <title>Converting <filename
class="extension">.rpm</filename>
files to <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> files</title>
<para>
- Another type of package files is <emphasis>Red Hat Package
- Manager</emphasis> files which have the
+ Another type of package is the <emphasis>Red Hat Package
+ Manager</emphasis> (RPM) file. These have the
<filename class="extension">.rpm</filename> suffix. It is not
recommended to
install these on an Ubuntu system. In almost all cases, a
native Ubuntu <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> package is
available. However, if absolutely necessary, an
<filename class="extension">.rpm</filename> file can be converted to a
- <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> package using the program
- <application>alien</application>. The resulting
- <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> file will be installed
using dpkg as
- indicated above.
+ <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> package using the
+ <application>alien</application> application. The resulting
+ <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> file can be installed as
+ described above.
</para>
+ <para>To convert an RPM into a <filename
class="extension">.deb</filename>:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Install the <application>alien</application> package.</para>
@@ -273,13 +256,14 @@
</procedure>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="tarballs" status="complete">
- <title>Install <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis></title>
+ <title>Installing <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis></title>
<para>
Files with the <filename class="extension">.tar</filename>,
<filename class="extension">.tgz</filename>, <filename
class="extension">.tar.gz</filename> or <filename
class="extension">.tar.bz2</filename> suffix are package files
- known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> which are widely used in Linux
and Unix.</para>
+ known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis>, and are widely used in Linux and
Unix to
+ package software. Tarballs can also be used to archive and compress
other files.</para>
<para>
If there is no native Ubuntu package available in any of the Ubuntu
repositories, you can use the command line to install or uninstall the tarball
file.</para>
<para>
@@ -296,7 +280,7 @@
Tarballs often contain the source code of the program, and need to be
<emphasis>compiled</emphasis> in order to be used.</para>
<note>
<para>
- Compiling programs requires some packages that are not installed by
default. You can install these all at once by installing the
<application>build-essential</application> package.</para></note>
+ Compiling programs requires some packages that are not installed by
default. You can install most of these all at once by installing the
<application>build-essential</application> package.</para></note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="runpackages" status="complete">
<title>Install <filename class="extension">.run</filename>
packages</title>
@@ -308,8 +292,7 @@
<step><para>Find the <filename class="extension">.run</filename> file
in the <application>File Browser</application></para></step>
<step><para>Right-click the file and select
<guilabel>Properties</guilabel></para></step>
<step><para>Under the <guilabel>Permissions</guilabel> tab, make sure
that <guilabel>Allow executing file as program</guilabel> is checked and press
<guibutton>Close</guibutton></para></step>
- <step><para>Double-click the <filename
class="extension">.run</filename> file to open it. A dialog box should
appear</para></step>
- <step><para>Press <guibutton>Run in Terminal</guibutton> to run the
installer</para></step>
+ <step><para>Double-click the <filename
class="extension">.run</filename> file and press <guibutton>Run in
Terminal</guibutton> to run the installer</para></step>
<step><para>A <application>Terminal</application> window will open.
Follow any instructions on-screen to install the program</para></step>
</procedure>
<note>
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