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Where did Gallo's new virus come from? In the prestigious
journal Science (Jan 4, 1985) it was reported that Gallo's AIDS virus was most
closely related to "slow viruses" (lentiviruses) found in sheep and goats,
particularly the visna virus in sheep, which causes pneumonia, neurologic
changes, and wasting. However, Gallo declared that his virus was not visna
virus, but might be "another animal viruses coming into man...and this means we
have to look more closely at these animals as models and these types of animal
viruses. No one knows if the viruses could have stemmed from a common viral
ancestor hundreds or thousands of years ago, or if a virus moved between species
only decades ago from human exposure to the virus of sheep or goats."
The idea that HIV was "closely related" to the sheep visna
virus did not last long. The idea of a sheep virus infecting gay men would have
undoubtedly aroused suspicion because the only place one could find visna was in
research labs where visna virus had been seeded and "adapted" into various
animal species, as well as into human cells, for the two decades prior to the
"gay plague."
Gallo, with the help of veterinarian Max Essex of Harvard,
convinced the AIDS experts and the adoring media that AIDS came from green
monkeys. In Gallo's book Virus Hunting [1991], he claims that in 1983 (a year
before his discovery) Ann Giudici Fettner, a free-lance journalist who had lived
in Africa, told him that the virus came from green monkeys in central Africa. In
1983 the African connection to AIDS was tenuous, and in Fettner's 1984 book, The
Truth About AIDS, she never mentioned green monkeys and the African origin of
AIDS. In fact, on page 44, she emphatically states: "AIDS started as an American
disease."
There are no scientific papers which uphold the green monkey
theory. The monkey out of Africa theory lasted until the late 1990s when another
group of American scientists claimed the virus definitely originated in a
specific species of chimpanzee found in Africa.
The green monkey theory was scientifically doomed from the
very start, although that apparently did not phase the scientists who
undoubtedly wanted to place the blame on the dark continent -- and take the
origin of HIV out of Manhattan, where the first cases were discovered in 1979,
and push the origin to the other side of the world.
The Marriage of Cancer Research and Biowarfare in
1971
Whatever the theoretical origin of HIV/AIDS, there is no doubt
that the epidemic started a decade after scientists began "adapting" massive
numbers of cancer-causing and immunosuppressive animal viruses and transferring
them between various animal species in an attempt to experimentally produce
cancer in the laboratory. In the process of these "species-jumping" experiments,
the scientists mixed viruses together, seeded them into the bodies of various
animal species, and planted them into animal and human cell cultures. In the
process myriads of new, laboratory-created mutant, hybrid and recombinant
viruses were created, some of which were exceedingly dangerous.
These engineered and deadly viruses were obviously of interest
to biowarfare scientists. Donald A MacArthur stated in Congressional testimony
in 1969 that "molecular biology is a field that is advancing very rapidly and
eminent biologists believe that within a period of 5 to 10 years it would be
possible to produce a synthetic biological agent, an agent that does not exist
naturally exist and for which no natural immunity could have been
acquired."
The dangers provoked by all these laboratory-created new virus
were well known. At a symposium on leukemia research in 1973, Danish pathologist
J Clemmesen warned that the transmissibility of these genetically -altered viral
agents could cause a world epidemic of cancer if they escaped from the
laboratory. (Gallo has publicly stated AIDS is an epidemic of cancer.) That same
year cancer virologists convened at a conference entitled "Biohazards in
Biological Research" at Asilomar, California. Despite the risks, it was decided
to continue perilous animal cancer virus experimentation.
People are often surprised to find there is a close
relationship between traditional cancer virus research and biological warfare
programs and experimentation. However, it is a fact that in 1971 President
Richard Nixon, as part of his War On Cancer, combined the U.S. Army's biowarfare
department at Ft. Detrick, Maryland, with the National Cancer Institute. The
army's DNA and genetic engineering programs were coordinated into anti-cancer
research and molecular biology programs. This marriage also cemented the
governmental ties of cancer research to the CIA, the CDC, the World Health
Organization, and private industry.
During this same period the Special Virus Cancer Program
(1968-1980), now largely and conveniently forgotten, was established to
coordinate the search for cancer-causing viruses. The U.S. biological warfare
program is highly secret. This secrecy also surrounds the many scientists who
directly or indirectly contribute to the program. Naturally, there is no
complete record of what this Virus Cancer Program has achieved or what
cancer-causing and immunosuppressive animal cancer viruses were adapted for
biological warfare use and for covert military testing on human populations.(For
more details and 129,000 citations, go to www.google.com and type-in key words :
biological warfare human experimentation.)
A computer PUBMED search employing the key words "U.S. Army
Biological Warfare Program" yields only 44 citations. One entry (PMID: 11572136)
reads: "The United States began its BW program based on intelligence information
and a very thorough evaluation of that information by a panel of scientists,
engineers, medical personnel from a variety of areas including the military,
other government agencies, industry, and the academic community. Initial efforts
were directed toward defense against BW, but it soon became clear defense
required a knowledge of offensive capabilities. The initial offensive studies
started with a definition of what infectious organisms were available, how they
could grow in quantities to support a munitions program, what kind of facilities
were required, and where they could be positioned. Further studies were then
initiated to design and evaluate testing sites and methodologies to evaluate the
weapons. During all of these phases, concurrent medical and safety programs were
studied, emphasized, and implemented. These studies resulted in the development
of a number of vaccines, toxoids, treatments, therapies, and facility personnel
management. The overall conclusion was that BW, offensive and defensive, was
possible, and efficiencies could be obtained. The work accomplished by this
group of very dedicated military and civilian personnel at military
installations, universities, research institutes, and industrial organizations
presented truly a combined operation with numerous achievements. Many of the
detailed achievements were published in the open scientific, peer-reviewed
journals, and many patents were obtained. The current defensive program is
breaking new scientific ground and there is evidence indicating that very rapid
detection and identification of BW agents is possible and will be
instrumented."
The Mulindwas Communication Group
"With
Yoweri Museveni, Uganda is in
anarchy"
Groupe de communication Mulindwas
"avec Yoweri Museveni, l'Ouganda est dans
l'anarchie"
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