Killip Classification of Heart Failure Class I - no clinical heart
failure, chest clear without S3 gallop, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
(PCWP) normal, cardiac index (CI) > 2.2; 5-7% in-hospital mortalityClass
II - heart failure - tachycardia, bibasilar rales to scapula tip (up to
50%) or S3 gallop + venous hypertension, PCWP > 18 mmHg, CI > 2.2;
10-15% in-hospital mortalityClass III - severe heart failure - acute
pulmonary edema, rales > 50% lung fields, PCWP < 18 mmHg, CI < 2.2; 25-50%
in-hospital mortalityClass IV - cardiogenic shock - shock (stuporous,
hypotension, SBP < 90, cold clammy skin, pulmonary edema, decreased urine
output), PCWP > 18 mmHg, CI < 2.2; up to 80-90% in-hospital
mortalityReference - Am J Cardiol 1967 Oct;20(4):457
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