No downside at all for 3.x -> 4.x (however, Cassandra 3.x reading 2.1 SSTables incurred a 
performance hit).Many users of Cassandra don't run upgradesstables after 3.x -> 4.x upgrades at 
all. It's not necessary to run until a hypothetical future time if/when support for reading 
Cassandra 3.x SSTables is removed from Cassandra. One of the most common reasons to avoid running 
upgradesstables is because doing so causes 100% churn of the data files, meaning your backup 
processes will need to upload a full copy of the data. Allowing SSTables to organically churn into 
the new version via compaction avoids this.If you're upgrading from 3.x to 4.x, don't feel like you 
have to - but it does avoid the need to run upgradesstables in a hypothetical distant future.– 
ScottOn Aug 16, 2022, at 6:32 AM, Jai Bheemsen Rao Dhanwada <jaibheem...@gmail.com> 
wrote:Thank you Erick,> it is going to be single-threaded by default so it will take a while to 
get through all the sstables on dense nodesIs there any downside if the upgradesstables take longer 
(example 1-2 days), other than I/O?Also when is the upgradesstable get triggered? after every node 
is upgraded or it will kick in only when all the nodes in the cluster upgraded to 4.0.x?On Tue, Aug 
16, 2022 at 2:12 AM Erick Ramirez <erickramire...@apache.org> wrote:As convenient as it is, 
there are a few caveats and it isn't a silver bullet. The automatic feature will only kick in if 
there are no other compactions scheduled. Also, it is going to be single-threaded by default so it 
will take a while to get through all the sstables on dense nodes.In contrast, you'll have a bit more 
control if you manually upgrade the sstables. For example, you can schedule the upgrade during low 
traffic periods so reads are not competing with compactions for IO. Cheers!

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