My 2c: Timestamp stored with the state value: Event timestamp Timestamp used to check expiration: Last emitted watermark
That follows the event time processing model used elsewhere is Flink. E.g. events are segregated into windows based on their event time, but the windows do not fire until the watermark advances past the end of the window. On Thu, Apr 4, 2019 at 7:55 AM Andrey Zagrebin <and...@ververica.com> wrote: > Hi All, > > As you might have already seen there is an effort tracked in FLINK-12005 > [1] to support event time scale for state with time-to-live (TTL) [2]. > While thinking about design, we realised that there can be multiple options > for semantics of this feature, depending on use case. There is also > sometimes confusion because of event time out-of-order nature in Flink. I > am starting this thread to discuss potential use cases of this feature and > their requirements for interested users and developers. There was already > discussion thread asking about event time for TTL and it already contains > some thoughts [3]. > > There are two semantical cases where we use time for TTL feature at the > moment. Firstly, we store timestamp of state last access/update. Secondly, > we use this timestamp and current timestamp to check expiration and garbage > collect state at some point later. > > At the moment, Flink supports *only processing time* for both timestamps: > state *last access and current timestamp*. It is basically current local > system unix epoch time. > > When it comes to event time scale, we also need to define what Flink should > use for these two timestamps. Here I will list some options and their > possible pros&cons for discussion. There might be more depending on use > case. > > *Last access timestamp (stored in backend with the actual state value):* > > - *Event timestamp of currently being processed record.* This seems to > be the simplest option and it allows user-defined timestamps in state > backend. The problem here might be instability of event time which can > not > only increase but also decrease if records come out of order. This can > lead > to rewriting the state timestamp to smaller value which is unnatural for > the notion of time. > - *Max event timestamp of records seen so far for this record key.* This > option is similar to the previous one but it tries to fix the notion of > time to make it always increasing. Maintaining this timestamp has also > performance implications because the previous timestamp needs to be read > out to decide whether to rewrite it. > - *Last emitted watermark*. This is what we usually use for other > operations to trigger some actions in Flink, like timers and windows > but it > can be unrelated to the record which actually triggers the state update. > > *Current timestamp to check expiration:* > > - *Event timestamp of last processed record.* Again quite simple but > unpredictable option for out-of-order events. It can potentially lead to > undesirable expiration of late buffered data in state without control. > - *Max event timestamp of records seen so far for operator backend.* > Again > similar to previous one, more stable but still user does not have too > much > control when to expire state. > - *Last emitted watermark*. Again, this is what we usually use for other > operations to trigger some actions in Flink, like timers and windows. It > also gives user some control to decide when state is expired (up to > which > point in event time) by emitting certain watermark. It is more flexible > but > complicated. If some watermark emitting strategy is already used for > other > operations, it might be not optimal for TTL and delay state cleanup. > - *Current processing time.* This option is quite simple, It would mean > that user just decides which timestamp to store but it will expire in > real > time. For data privacy use case, it might be better because we want > state > to be unavailable in particular real moment of time since the associated > piece of data was created in event time. For long term approximate > garbage > collection, it might be not a problem as well. For quick expiration, the > time skew between event and processing time can lead again to premature > deletion of late data and user cannot delay it. > > We could also make this behaviour configurable. Another option is to make > time provider pluggable for users. The interface can give users context > (currently processed record, watermark etc) and ask them which timestamp to > use. This is more complicated though. > > Looking forward for your feedback. > > Best, > Andrey > > [1] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-12005 > [2] > > https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SI_WoXAfOd4_NKpGyk4yh3mf59g12pSGNXRtNFi-tgM > [3] > > http://apache-flink-user-mailing-list-archive.2336050.n4.nabble.com/State-TTL-in-Flink-1-6-0-td22509.html >
