I’m working on a Struts application that uses the Struts Bootstrap plugin. I
upgraded it to Struts V6 by installing theses libs:
commons-fileupload-1.4.jar
commons-lang3-3.10.jar
freemarker-2.3.31.jar
log4j-api-2.17.2.jar
ognl-3.3.2.jar
struts2-core-6.0.0.jar
commons-text-1.8.jar
log4j-1.2-api-2.17.0.jar
log4j-core-2.17.0.jar
struts2-bootstrap-plugin-4.0.1.jar
The application now serves static content with no problem, but whenever a form
that uses bootstrap is accessed, this error message results:
[ERROR] 2022-06-23 16:52:19 [https-jsse-nio-8443-exec-70] runtime - Error
executing FreeMarker template
freemarker.core._MiscTemplateException: Template inclusion failed (for
parameter value "/template/~~~bootstrap/controlheader-core.ftl"):
Syntax error in template "template/~~~bootstrap/controlheader-core.ftl" in line
51, column 44:
Using ?html (legacy escaping) is not allowed when auto-escaping is on with a
markup output format (HTML), to avoid double-escaping mistakes.
(Stack trace follows below).
Here’s the source code for a test page that I put up to demonstrate the problem:
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8" errorPage="error.jsp" %>
<%@page import="org.personalitypad.utility.Config" %>
<%@page import="org.personalitypad.utility.JspLogger" %>
<%@page import="org.apache.log4j.Logger" %>
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%@taglib prefix="sj" uri="/struts-jquery-tags" %>
<%@taglib prefix="sb" uri="/struts-bootstrap-tags" %>
<!-- jsp:include page="../include/check_login.jsp"/ -->
<!-- jsp:include page="../include/check_project_admin.jsp"/ -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";>
<head>
<title>Personality Pad | Test</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<jsp:include page="../include/analytics.html"/>
<!-- Struts2 includes -->
<s:head />
<sj:head />
<sb:head includeScripts="true" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/2col.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<jsp:include page="../include/header.html"/>
<jsp:include page="../include/sidebar.jsp"/>
<div id="content">
<s:actionerror theme="bootstrap"/>
<s:actionmessage theme="bootstrap"/>
<h1>Test</h1>
<s:form action="Test" theme="bootstrap"
cssClass="form-vertical">
<s:textfield
label="Email Address"
name="userId"
size="50"
maxlength="50"
tooltip="Enter the email address with which you
registered." />
<s:password
label="Password"
name="password" />
<s:submit value="Sign In" class="btn btn-outline-primary"/>
</s:form>
</div>
<jsp:include page="../include/footer.html"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
I would appreciate any suggestions for how to fix this.
Thanks,
Ralph Grove
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #include "/${parameters.templateDir}/... [in template
"template/~~~bootstrap/controlheader.ftl" at line 21, column 1]
- Reached through: #include "/${parameters.templateDir}/... [in
template "template/bootstrap/text.ftl" at line 21, column 1]
----
at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:164)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:347)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:353)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2955)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:347)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:353)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:326)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at
org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:154)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:588)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:547)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:40)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.jsp.test_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005ftextfield_005f0(test_jsp.java:452)
~[?:?]
at
org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.jsp.test_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fform_005f0(test_jsp.java:397)
~[?:?]
at
org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.jsp.test_jsp._jspService(test_jsp.java:224) ~[?:?]
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:71)
~[jasper.jar:9.0.43]
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:733)
~[servlet-api.jar:4.0.FR]
at
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:467)
~[jasper.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:378)
~[jasper.jar:9.0.43]
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:326)
~[jasper.jar:9.0.43]
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:733)
~[servlet-api.jar:4.0.FR]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
~[tomcat-websocket.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:710)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:457)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:384)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:312)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult.doExecute(ServletDispatcherResult.java:169)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.result.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:206)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:363)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:280)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:256)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:179)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:49)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FetchMetadataInterceptor.intercept(FetchMetadataInterceptor.java:76)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CoopInterceptor.intercept(CoopInterceptor.java:57)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CoepInterceptor.intercept(CoepInterceptor.java:56)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.doIntercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:143)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:146)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:146)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:202)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:67)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor.intercept(DateTextFieldInterceptor.java:133)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:89)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:242)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:101)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:142)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:161)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:175)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.csp.CspInterceptor.intercept(CspInterceptor.java:44)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:140)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:209)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:229)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:196)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:251)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:48)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:637)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:79)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:140)
~[struts2-core-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:667)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:143)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:346)
~[catalina.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374)
~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:887)
~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1684)
~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.43]
at
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.43]
at
java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
~[?:?]
at
java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
~[?:?]
at
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
~[tomcat-util.jar:9.0.43]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:835) ~[?:?]
Caused by: freemarker.core.ParseException: Syntax error in template
"template/~~~bootstrap/controlheader-core.ftl" in line 51, column 44:
Using ?html (legacy escaping) is not allowed when auto-escaping is on with a
markup output format (HTML), to avoid double-escaping mistakes.
at freemarker.core.FMParser.BuiltIn(FMParser.java:1225)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.PrimaryExpression(FMParser.java:595)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.UnaryExpression(FMParser.java:707)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.MultiplicativeExpression(FMParser.java:822)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.AdditiveExpression(FMParser.java:774)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.RangeExpression(FMParser.java:950)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.RelationalExpression(FMParser.java:902)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.EqualityExpression(FMParser.java:865)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.AndExpression(FMParser.java:1017)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.OrExpression(FMParser.java:1039)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.Expression(FMParser.java:552)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.StringOutput(FMParser.java:1674)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.MixedContentElements(FMParser.java:3968)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.UnifiedMacroTransform(FMParser.java:3009)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.FreemarkerDirective(FMParser.java:3664)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.MixedContentElements(FMParser.java:4019)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.FMParser.Root(FMParser.java:4665)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.template.Template.<init>(Template.java:252)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.cache.TemplateCache.loadTemplate(TemplateCache.java:548)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at
freemarker.cache.TemplateCache.getTemplateInternal(TemplateCache.java:439)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.cache.TemplateCache.getTemplate(TemplateCache.java:292)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at
freemarker.template.Configuration.getTemplate(Configuration.java:2836)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at
freemarker.core.Environment.getTemplateForInclusion(Environment.java:2913)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:162)
~[freemarker-2.3.31.jar:2.3.31]
... 110 more
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