Hi all, Is there someone with experience on using the Siemens TC 35?
Can we use a regular T-mobile Sim Card (we are in the US)? or do we have to use a specific sim card? We bought the Siemens TC 35 in the UK and are using it in the Us. Can it be locked? When the t-mobile sim card is inserted we have a light flashing every second - so fast. Anybody got similar problems. Can one of these be the reason for the problems with Kannel mentioned below? Thanks Nary --- On Mon, 3/22/10, Alvaro Cornejo <[email protected]> wrote: From: Alvaro Cornejo <[email protected]> Subject: Re: The Ol' tc35 GSM Modem To: "BiffSocko" <[email protected]> Cc: [email protected] Date: Monday, March 22, 2010, 11:37 AM That is not enough that you have an opening and speed setup for the AT smsc initialization information. There is a lot more initializations kannel does. SMSC_AT init should look like this: 2010-03-21 19:45:23 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: opening device 2010-03-21 19:45:23 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: device opened. Telnet mode = 0 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: device opened 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: Logging in 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: init device 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: speed set to 115200 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> ATZ^M 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT^M 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT&F^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> ATE0^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- ATE0 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+IFC=2,2^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CPIN?^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CPIN: READY 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CMGF=0^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CSMS=?^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CSMS: (0,1) 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: Phase 2+ is supported 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CSMS=1^M 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CSMS: 1,1,1 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CNMI=2,1,2,1,0; +CMEE=2; +CLIP=1; +CSAS; +CGMR^M 2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CPMS="SM"^M 2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CPMS: 0,20,0,20,0,20 2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK 2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: AT SMSC successfully opened. Where [t1] is the smsc_at id I think you have problems indentifying your modem. Still, post logs /configs If with the usb to serial adapter does not work your modem that is a USB driver problem, not kannel. Regards Alvaro |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Envíe y Reciba Datos y mensajes de Texto (SMS) hacia y desde cualquier celular y Nextel en el Perú, México y en mas de 180 paises. Use aplicaciones 2 vias via SMS y GPRS online Visitenos en www.perusms.NET www.smsglobal.com.mx y www.pravcom.com On Sun, Mar 21, 2010 at 4:32 PM, BiffSocko <[email protected]> wrote: > > I think I actually have the correct modem device. I've moved the GSM modem > to another computer that has a direct serial connection (no serial to usb > cable) and using the same configuration file, I am now able to start kannel > w/out error. > > weird. > > ok, I can live with just a serial connection, but now I can't send/receive > to the modem. My kannel log files say the device is opened and set the > init speed, etc. yet the TC35 light blinks about once a second and is not > accepting or sending any data. I don't have a log with any errors since > kannel appears to think everything is working. I know the sim card is good > because I've had it in a cell phone and was able to send/receive data from > kannel with it. > > any advice would be appreciated. > > > 2010/3/21 Nikos Balkanas <[email protected]> >> >> Hi, >> >> You seem to have the wrong modem device. Go to kannel site and read the >> latest User's guide about modem initialization (new section just added). >> >> BR, >> Nikos >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: BiffSocko >> To: Alvaro Cornejo >> Cc: Nikos Balkanas ; [email protected] >> Sent: Sunday, March 21, 2010 5:44 PM >> Subject: Re: The Ol' tc35 GSM Modem >> as requested, I've changed my config for additional logging. This is now >> my current configuration: >> >> group = core >> admin-port = 13000 >> smsbox-port = 13001 >> admin-password = bar >> status-password = foo >> #admin-deny-ip = "" >> #admin-allow-ip = "" >> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log" >> #log-level = 0 >> box-deny-ip = "*.*.*.*" >> box-allow-ip = "127.0.0.1" >> unified-prefix = "+39,0039,39" >> access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log" >> store-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store" >> #ssl-certkey-file = "mycertandprivkeyfile.pem" >> >> >> >> >> # SMSC CONNECTIONS >> group = smsc >> smsc = at >> smsc-id = T35 >> modemtype = siemens_tc35 >> pin = 8508 >> device = /dev/ttyUSB0 >> speed = 9600 >> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/at.log" >> log-level = 0 >> >> >> group = modems >> id = siemens_tc35 >> name = "Siemens TC35" >> detect-string = "SIEMENS" >> detect-string2 = "TC35" >> init-string = "AT+CNMI=1,2,0,1,1" >> speed = 19200 >> enable-hwhs = "AT\\Q3" >> need-sleep = true >> >> >> # SMSBOX SETUP >> group = smsbox >> bearerbox-host = localhost >> sendsms-port = 13013 >> global-sender = 13013 >> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log" >> #log-level = 0 >> access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log" >> >> >> >> # SEND-SMS USERS >> group = sendsms-user >> username = root >> password = ciccio >> forced-smsc = T35 >> user-deny-ip = "10.10.10.1" >> user-allow-ip = "*.*.*.*" >> #user-deny-ip = "" >> #user-allow-ip = "" >> >> >> # SERVICES >> group = sms-service >> keyword = nop >> text = "You asked nothing and I did it!" >> >> >> # this service is for Kannel relay testing, when this Kannel >> # works as relay gateway >> group = sms-service >> keyword = relay >> get-url = >> "http://localhost:15130/sms?user=kannel&pass=rL4y&from=%p&to=%P&text=%r";; >> max-messages = 0 >> >> >> # there should be default always >> group = sms-service >> keyword = default >> text = "No service specified" >> >> >> >> >> the new logfile output was as follows: >> 2010-03-21 11:30:01 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:01 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet >> mode = 0 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened >> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in >> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:06 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to >> ATZ, ignoring >> 2010-03-21 11:30:06 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:10 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT. >> Trying again >> 2010-03-21 11:30:10 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT >> failed >> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device >> failed. >> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect >> (retrying in 10 seconds). >> 2010-03-21 11:30:24 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:24 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet >> mode = 0 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened >> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in >> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:29 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to >> ATZ, ignoring >> 2010-03-21 11:30:29 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:33 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT. >> Trying again >> 2010-03-21 11:30:33 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT >> failed >> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device >> failed. >> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect >> (retrying in 10 seconds). >> 2010-03-21 11:30:47 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:47 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet >> mode = 0 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened >> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in >> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device >> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600 >> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:52 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to >> ATZ, ignoring >> 2010-03-21 11:30:52 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:30:56 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT. >> Trying again >> 2010-03-21 11:30:56 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M >> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT >> failed >> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device >> failed. >> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device >> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect >> (retrying in 10 seconds). >> ... >> >> >> >> On Fri, Mar 19, 2010 at 9:15 AM, Alvaro Cornejo <[email protected]> >> wrote: >>> >>> To complete what Nikos said >>> >>> It is better to add a separate log for the modem. Add an log-file >>> entry in your smsc_at group with maximum verbosity and post-it >>> >>> Regards >>> >>> Alvaro >>> >>> |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| >>> Envνe y Reciba Datos y mensajes de Texto (SMS) hacia y desde cualquier >>> celular y Nextel >>> en el Perϊ, Mιxico y en mas de 180 paises. Use aplicaciones 2 vias via >>> SMS y GPRS online >>> Visitenos en www.perusms.NET www.smsglobal.com.mx y >>> www.pravcom.com >>> >>> >>> >>> 2010/3/19 Nikos Balkanas <[email protected]>: >>> > Hi, >>> > >>> > Please post bb logs for modem initialization at maximum detail. >>> > >>> > BR, >>> > Nikos >>> > >>> > ----- Original Message ----- >>> > From: BiffSocko >>> > To: [email protected] >>> > Sent: Thursday, March 18, 2010 10:38 PM >>> > Subject: The Ol' tc35 GSM Modem >>> > Hi, >>> > I've been having some difficulties getting my tc35 gsm modem to work >>> > with >>> > Kannel. I was hoping to get a bit of guidance. >>> > >>> > The TC35 modem is being used with a serial to usb converter cable. >>> > From my >>> > /var/log/messages, it appears to be found: >>> > >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: new full speed USB device >>> > using >>> > uhci_hcd and address 3 >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: New USB device found, >>> > idVendor=05ad, idProduct=0fba >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: New USB device strings: >>> > Mfr=1, >>> > Product=2, SerialNumber=0 >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: Product: USB-Serial >>> > Controller >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Prolific >>> > Technology >>> > Inc. >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: configuration #1 chosen from >>> > 1 >>> > choice >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: pl2303 2-1:1.0: pl2303 converter >>> > detected >>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: pl2303 converter now >>> > attached to >>> > ttyUSB0 >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > These are the messages I get from starting smsbox and bearerbox: >>> > >>> > ================================================== >>> > Starting Bearerbox >>> > ================================================== >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Debug_lvl = 1, log_file = <none>, >>> > log_lvl = 0 >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] WARNING: DLR: using default 'internal' >>> > for >>> > storage type. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: DLR using storage type: internal >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Added logfile >>> > `/var/log/kannel/kannel.log' with level `0'. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Started access logfile >>> > `/var/log/kannel/access.log'. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] WARNING: 'store-file' option deprecated, >>> > please use 'store-location' and 'store-type' instead. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: HTTP: Opening server at port >>> > 13000. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: BOXC: 'smsbox-max-pending' not >>> > set, >>> > using default (100). >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Set SMS resend frequency to 60 >>> > seconds. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: SMS resend retry set to unlimited. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: DLR rerouting for smsc id <T35> >>> > disabled. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: AT2[T35]: configuration shows >>> > modemtype >>> > <siemens_tc35> >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: AT2[T35]: read modem definition >>> > for >>> > <Siemens TC35> >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: >>> > ---------------------------------------- >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Kannel bearerbox II version 1.4.3 >>> > starting >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Loading store file >>> > `/var/log/kannel/kannel.store' >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Store-file size 0, starting to >>> > unpack >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Retrieved 0 messages, >>> > non-acknowledged >>> > messages: 0 >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: MAIN: Start-up done, entering >>> > mainloop >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600 >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > ================================================== >>> > Starting smsbox >>> > ================================================== >>> > [r...@localhost etc]# 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Debug_lvl = >>> > 1, >>> > log_file = <none>, log_lvl = 0 >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Starting to log to file >>> > /var/log/kannel/smsbox.log level 0 >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Added logfile >>> > `/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log' with level `0'. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Service global sender set as >>> > '13013' >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Logging accesses to >>> > '/var/log/kannel/access.log'. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Started access logfile >>> > `/var/log/kannel/access.log'. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: HTTP: Opening server at port >>> > 13013. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Set up send sms service at port >>> > 13013 >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4479] [5] INFO: Client connected from <127.0.0.1> >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Connected to bearerbox at >>> > localhost >>> > port 13001. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:29 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to >>> > ATZ, >>> > ignoring >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:33 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to >>> > AT. >>> > Trying again >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send >>> > AT >>> > failed >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of >>> > device >>> > failed. >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device >>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect >>> > (retrying >>> > in 10 seconds). >>> > >>> > >>> > Here is my Kannel.conf file: >>> > >>> > group = core >>> > admin-port = 13000 >>> > smsbox-port = 13001 >>> > admin-password = bar >>> > status-password = foo >>> > #admin-deny-ip = "" >>> > #admin-allow-ip = "" >>> > log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log" >>> > #log-level = 0 >>> > box-deny-ip = "*.*.*.*" >>> > box-allow-ip = "127.0.0.1" >>> > unified-prefix = "+39,0039,39" >>> > access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log" >>> > store-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store" >>> > #ssl-certkey-file = "mycertandprivkeyfile.pem" >>> > >>> > >>> > # SMSC CONNECTIONS >>> > group = smsc >>> > smsc = at >>> > smsc-id = T35 >>> > modemtype = siemens_tc35 >>> > pin = 8508 >>> > device = /dev/ttyUSB0 >>> > speed = 9600 >>> > >>> > group = modems >>> > id = siemens_tc35 >>> > name = "Siemens TC35" >>> > detect-string = "SIEMENS" >>> > detect-string2 = "TC35" >>> > init-string = "AT+CNMI=1,2,0,1,1" >>> > speed = 19200 >>> > enable-hwhs = "AT\\Q3" >>> > need-sleep = true >>> > >>> > >>> > # SMSBOX SETUP >>> > group = smsbox >>> > bearerbox-host = localhost >>> > sendsms-port = 13013 >>> > global-sender = 13013 >>> > log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log" >>> > #log-level = 0 >>> > access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log" >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > # SEND-SMS USERS >>> > group = sendsms-user >>> > username = root >>> > password = ciccio >>> > forced-smsc = T35 >>> > user-deny-ip = "10.10.10.1" >>> > user-allow-ip = "*.*.*.*" >>> > #user-deny-ip = "" >>> > #user-allow-ip = "" >>> > >>> > >>> > # SERVICES >>> > group = sms-service >>> > keyword = nop >>> > text = "You asked nothing and I did it!" >>> > >>> > >>> > # this service is for Kannel relay testing, when this Kannel >>> > # works as relay gateway >>> > #group = sms-service >>> > #keyword = relay >>> > #get-url = >>> > >>> > "http://localhost:15130/sms?user=kannel&pass=rL4y&from=%p&to=%P&text=%r";; >>> > #max-messages = 0 >>> > >>> > >>> > # there should be default always >>> > group = sms-service >>> > keyword = default >>> > text = "No service specified" >>> > >>> > Any help would be appreciated. >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > -- >>> > >>> > ================================================================================== >>> > Tom Murphy (Biff) >>> > >>> > "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an >>> > ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science, >>> > and >>> > sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the >>> > things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic >>> > evolution." >>> > >>> > - Dr. Carl >>> > Sagan >>> > >>> > ================================================================================== >>> > >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> >> ================================================================================== >> Tom Murphy (Biff) >> >> "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an >> ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science, and >> sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the >> things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic >> evolution." >> >> - Dr. Carl Sagan >> >> ================================================================================== > > > > -- > ================================================================================== > Tom Murphy (Biff) > > "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an > ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science, and > sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the > things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic > evolution." > > - Dr. Carl Sagan > ================================================================================== >
