Dear PWSCF,

I plan to calculate the impurity binding energy of P-doped Si bulk.  I searched 
literatures, and I see people used mainly Effective mass approximation (EMA)  
(or used first principles to obtain potential, then used EMA).  According these 
papers, the binding energy is determined as the difference between impurity 
level and the minimum of the conduction band.  I also found other papers by 
Chelikowsky et al (Nano Letters 8, 596 (2008), PRL 92, 46802 (2004)), who 
calculated binding energy of P-doped nanocrytals by calculating the ionization 
energy, I_d, of SiP system with one electron removed, and the affinity,  A_p, 
of the pure Si system with one electron added.  The binding energy is 
determined as:
E_b = I_d - A_p

I saw problems when I want to calculate E_b by Chelikowski's method, since that 
method only works for non-extensive system such as nanocrystals.  For P-doped 
Si bulk (with periodic boundary condtion), I cannot calculate I_d and A_p (or 
there may be a way that I do not know).  If using DFT, I do not know (using 
espresso code) how I define the binding energy properly.  Is the definition of 
binding energy as used in EMA is still valid?

I appreciate very much if you know an alternative to calculate binding energy 
by using DFT.

Thank you,

Trinh
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