I guess you are dealing with a rare earth or lanthanoid element. I would play 
with gga+u at the very least.
This c/should fix the nonlinearity in the charge transfer to/from the adatom.
No guarantee that you get what you want but more imlortantly what the system 
really wants.
It depends on the surface workfunction in comparison to the element electron 
affinity.
Good luck,
StefanoSent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.
-------- Original message --------From: Christoph Wolf 
<[email protected]> Date: 08/12/2017  05:39  (GMT+01:00) To: 
[email protected] Subject: [Pw_forum] charging a metal ion in front of 
insulating plane 
Dear all,

I am struggling to charge a metal ion in front of an insulating MgO plane; I 
build an inversion symmetric 5-layer MgO plane and place an ion 2 A away from 
it. The relaxation of the system gives ~1.7 A for the neutral and 2.1 A for the 
(tot_charge=-1) charged ion. When looking at the projwfc.x output the "charge 
state" of the ion, despite being far away from the surface, is only marginally 
charged:
1) neutral case pw.x: number of electrons       =      1456.00pw.x: total 
magnetization       =     4.00 Bohr mag/cellpw.x: atom:  181    charge:   
13.7470    magn:    3.2676projwfc.x: Atom # 181: total charge =  15.4842, s =  
3.0695, p =  5.9947, d =  6.4201, 

2) negatively chargednumber of electrons       =      1457.00
pw.x: total magnetization       =     1.02 Bohr mag/cellpw.x: atom:  181    
charge:   13.8845    magn:    0.9465total charge =  15.6842, s =  2.9801, p =  
5.9931, d =  6.7109, 

-- 
Postdoctoral Researcher
Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science
Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

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