On Mon, 1 Apr 2002, kilopascal wrote:

> ... I don't think it is the heat energy that is converted into mechanical
> energy.

That thought is wrong, John, without any doubt whatsoever.

> I think the heat is an unwanted by-product of combustion.

True, John, for *most* of the heat, but about 15% to 20% of the heat is
converted to mechanical energy, as Bill Hooper and others have explained.
That is a limitation of *all* heat engines (at best, even Carnot cycles).

On the other hand, "fuel cells" have the *potential* of converting about
80% to 90% of the chemical energy in fuels (with none of the common form
of combustion) into the most useful form of energy, electrical energy.

Gene.

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