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Anecdotally, I have been told that
the reason each home in the US has its own transformer is due to the
problems of distribution. If the 120 volts was carried distances over
power lines voltage drop would be an issue. By transforming
the high voltage at each home this problem is minimised.
Yep. The power
delivered to the house, which does usable work, is a simple product of
voltage and current. Double the voltage and you can halve the
current.
Now the current
flowing through the lines to the house dissipates power according to (current)^2
times R, where R is the resistance of the lines. Since the resistance of
the lines is fixed, you halve the current and dissipate 1/4 as much
power.
Nat
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