Title: Lightning and thunder
Hi Pat,
 
The distance from which lightning can be seen is dependent on three things - the intensity of the rain and cloud, the Earth's curvature and the intensity of the lightning flash relative to the environment.  Of course, in the Australian outback where there is no light pollution, the earth's curvature becomes more important, but if you in a major conurbation such as London on New York, the light pollution is so intense that lightning flashes that are a long way away tend to get lost in the city's lights. 
 
How far will a thunder clap travel?  Well, ten days ago a fuel tank at an oil depot in Hemel Hempstead (one of London's commuter towns) exploded.  There were reports that the explosion was heard in the Netherlands (200 km away!).  The reason that the sound travelled so far was that there was temperature inversion and the sound waves (and hence the energy) were reflected back to earth.  The result was that the sound energy per unit area was proportional to the inverse of the distance travelled. 
ie E = k/D where E is the energy per unit area, D the distance from the source and k is a constant.
 
 If however there was no temperature inversion or reflecting layer, the sound energy per unit area would be proportional to the square of the inverse of the distance.
ie E = K/D^2 (Symbols the same as above)
 
In the latter case, the sounds intensity would drop off far more quickly.
 
I trust that this is of interest.   
 
PS - I have never been to the Australian outback, but I have been to remote parts of Africa, so I have assumed that the two are similar).
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Wednesday, December 21, 2005 8:42 PM
Subject: [USMA:35438] Lightning and thunder


>From what distance can lightning be seen?

>From what distance can thunder be heard?

Cheers,

Pat Naughtin
PO Box 305 Belmont 3216
Geelong, Australia
61 3 5241 2008
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.metricationmatters.com

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