Thanks, Pat. I'm pleased to see that your timeline has grown considerably. In particular, I was tickled to see you describe the abacus as I did (in your entry for 1107) as more like a "register or accumulator". We must be two great minds....

Jim

Pat Naughtin wrote:
On 2008/08/24, at 5:50 AM, James Frysinger wrote:

* properly speaking, the abacus is more like a register or accumulator than a calculator.

Dear Jim,

It seems likely that the abacus was introduced into England (and Europe) in the early 12th century by Adelard of Bath.

If you are interested in seeing where this innovation fits in an historical context, you can find some information in the /Metrication timeline/ at http://www.metricationmatters.com/docs/MetricationTimeline.pdf as I have recently re-written this section based on my reading of '/The Nothing That Is: a natural history of zero/' by Robert Kaplan. You might start reading from the year 1080 when Adelard of Bath was born.

By the way, Jim, Adelard of Bath is no relation to Abelard (and Eloise) of poetical and musical interest.

Cheers,

Pat Naughtin

PO Box 305 Belmont 3216,
Geelong, Australia
Phone: 61 3 5241 2008

Metric system consultant, writer, and speaker, Pat Naughtin, has helped thousands of people and hundreds of companies upgrade to the modern metric system smoothly, quickly, and so economically that they now save thousands each year when buying, processing, or selling for their businesses. Pat provides services and resources for many different trades, crafts, and professions for commercial, industrial and government metrication leaders in Asia, Europe, and in the USA. Pat's clients include the Australian Government, Google, NASA, NIST, and the metric associations of Canada, the UK, and the USA. See http://www.metricationmatters.com/ for more metrication information, contact Pat at [EMAIL PROTECTED] <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> or to get the free '/Metrication matters/' newsletter go to: http://www.metricationmatters.com/newsletter/ to subscribe.

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