On 02/20/2020 11:38 AM, Alvaro Pendas wrote:
However, the way I see it, this represents a problem in the receiving part. Let me put it this way: the max output of the ADC is 1, and that corresponds with the max input. That max input would represent the case when you receive a high power signal and you set your drive amplifier next to its max. So, If you are receiving a low power QPSK signal, with your gain set to 30 dB, the output of your ADC would use a really small part of the range (let's say from -0.05 to 0.05). However, if your digital levels go from -1 to 1 and are represented with 12 bits, using such a small part of the range would make the quantization error a problem.

Gnu Radio uses a floating-point {-1.0, 1.0} representation, which UHD *scales* into a range that is appropriate for whatever hardware
  you're using.

So, your 0.05 is scaled to about 102 by UHD prior to presentation to the DAC, and conversely in the receive direction.




El mié., 19 feb. 2020 a las 20:04, Marcus D Leech (<[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>) escribió:

    Indeed. You’d have to use an external calibration source at
    several places over your parameter space (frequency gain sample rate)

    Sent from my iPhone

    On Feb 19, 2020, at 1:54 PM, Alvaro Pendas <[email protected]
    <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:

    
    Marcus thank your for your answer,

    First of all, you are right, the range is -1 to 1 (instead of 0
    to 1 as I said before). So, for example, in the receiving part,
    the values you get out of the UHD Source have**a linear
    relationship with the voltage of the analog signal, but I
    understand there is no easy way to calculate that level with the
    only information of the GNU Radio samples. Is that correct?


    El mié., 19 feb. 2020 a las 19:22, Marcus D. Leech via USRP-users
    (<[email protected]
    <mailto:[email protected]>>) escribió:

        On 02/19/2020 12:01 PM, Alvaro Pendas via USRP-users wrote:
        > Hello,
        > I am using GNU Radio and the USRP B200. I have noticed that
        for the
        > GNU block UHD: USRP Sink, the values you pass to the block
        must be in
        > the range 0 to 1. I guess that means if you do not want to
        lose
        > resolution you must ensure that you use the full range,
        that is to
        > say, your minimum is 0 or close to 0, and your max is 1 or
        close to 1.
        > Am I correct?
        >
        > On the other hand, what are the meaning of the values
        produce by the
        > block UHD: USRP Source? They must be related to the signal
        power, but
        > I am not sure about their range. Is the minimum value that
        block can
        > produce the min of the ADC output, and the max, the max of
        the ADC
        > output? With the USRP B200 the ADC resolution is 12 bits,
        are the min
        > and the max always set with the same value, or does it
        depend on the
        > USRP configuration?
        >
        > I am using GNU Radio right now, but probably, just knowing
        how this
        > works with UHD would be enough to understand the rest.
        >
        > Thank you for your time,
        >
        > Alvaro
        >
        Gnu radio generally likes to have baesband data streams
        scaled into
        {-1.0,+1.0} which are linearly related to instantaneous
        voltages at
           the antenna of the hardware.

        To a first approximation, a value near +1.0 or -1.0 will
        drive the ADC
        to its maximum +/- value.  But that's only an approximation,
        since the
           signal is processed a fair amount (linearly) prior to
        reaching the
        ADC/DAC, and with analog hardware there's no way of ensuring that
           a max value wont' over-drive the analog hardware.

        Power of a sinusoidal signal is proportional to the I*I + Q*Q --
        remember we're dealing with *voltages* here, so ohms law
        applies...




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