Revision: 1980
          http://svn.sourceforge.net/vexi/?rev=1980&view=rev
Author:   mkpg2
Date:     2007-07-11 09:19:26 -0700 (Wed, 11 Jul 2007)

Log Message:
-----------
Reinstating EjAlbertBrowserLauncher

Added Paths:
-----------
    
core/branches/vexi2/org.ibex.util/src/org/ibex/util/EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.java

Copied: 
core/branches/vexi2/org.ibex.util/src/org/ibex/util/EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.java
 (from rev 1979, 
core/branches/vexi1/core/src/org/ibex/util/EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.java)
===================================================================
--- 
core/branches/vexi2/org.ibex.util/src/org/ibex/util/EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.java
                            (rev 0)
+++ 
core/branches/vexi2/org.ibex.util/src/org/ibex/util/EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.java
    2007-07-11 16:19:26 UTC (rev 1980)
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+package org.ibex.util;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/**
+ * BrowserLauncher is a class that provides one static method, openURL, which 
opens the default
+ * web browser for the current user of the system to the given URL.  It may 
support other
+ * protocols depending on the system -- mailto, ftp, etc. -- but that has not 
been rigorously
+ * tested and is not guaranteed to work.
+ * <p>
+ * Yes, this is platform-specific code, and yes, it may rely on classes on 
certain platforms
+ * that are not part of the standard JDK.  What we're trying to do, though, is 
to take something
+ * that's frequently desirable but inherently platform-specific -- opening a 
default browser --
+ * and allow programmers (you, for example) to do so without worrying about 
dropping into native
+ * code or doing anything else similarly evil.
+ * <p>
+ * Anyway, this code is completely in Java and will run on all JDK 
1.1-compliant systems without
+ * modification or a need for additional libraries.  All classes that are 
required on certain
+ * platforms to allow this to run are dynamically loaded at runtime via 
reflection and, if not
+ * found, will not cause this to do anything other than returning an error 
when opening the
+ * browser.
+ * <p>
+ * There are certain system requirements for this class, as it's running 
through Runtime.exec(),
+ * which is Java's way of making a native system call.  Currently, this 
requires that a Macintosh
+ * have a Finder which supports the GURL event, which is true for Mac OS 8.0 
and 8.1 systems that
+ * have the Internet Scripting AppleScript dictionary installed in the 
Scripting Additions folder
+ * in the Extensions folder (which is installed by default as far as I know 
under Mac OS 8.0 and
+ * 8.1), and for all Mac OS 8.5 and later systems.  On Windows, it only runs 
under Win32 systems
+ * (Windows 95, 98, and NT 4.0, as well as later versions of all).  On other 
systems, this drops
+ * back from the inherently platform-sensitive concept of a default browser 
and simply attempts
+ * to launch Netscape via a shell command.
+ * <p>
+ * This code is Copyright 1999-2001 by Eric Albert ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) and may 
be
+ * redistributed or modified in any form without restrictions as long as the 
portion of this
+ * comment from this paragraph through the end of the comment is not removed.  
The author
+ * requests that he be notified of any application, applet, or other binary 
that makes use of
+ * this code, but that's more out of curiosity than anything and is not 
required.  This software
+ * includes no warranty.  The author is not repsonsible for any loss of data 
or functionality
+ * or any adverse or unexpected effects of using this software.
+ * <p>
+ * Credits:
+ * <br>Steven Spencer, JavaWorld magazine (<a 
href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip66.html";>Java Tip 
66</a>)
+ * <br>Thanks also to Ron B. Yeh, Eric Shapiro, Ben Engber, Paul Teitlebaum, 
Andrea Cantatore,
+ * Larry Barowski, Trevor Bedzek, Frank Miedrich, and Ron Rabakukk
+ *
+ * @author Eric Albert (<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]">[EMAIL 
PROTECTED]</a>)
+ * @version 1.4b1 (Released June 20, 2001)
+ */
+public class EjAlbertBrowserLauncher {
+
+       /**
+        * The Java virtual machine that we are running on.  Actually, in most 
cases we only care
+        * about the operating system, but some operating systems require us to 
switch on the VM. */
+       private static int jvm;
+
+       /** The browser for the system */
+       private static Object browser;
+
+       /**
+        * Caches whether any classes, methods, and fields that are not part of 
the JDK and need to
+        * be dynamically loaded at runtime loaded successfully.
+        * <p>
+        * Note that if this is <code>false</code>, <code>openURL()</code> will 
always return an
+        * IOException.
+        */
+       private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;
+
+       /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils class */
+       private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;
+
+       /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType class */
+       private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;
+
+       /** The com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc class */
+       private static Class aeDescClass;
+       
+       /** The <init>(int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AETarget */
+       private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;
+       
+       /** The <init>(int, int, int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+       private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;
+       
+       /** The <init>(String) method of com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc */
+       private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;
+       
+       /** The findFolder method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+       private static Method findFolder;
+
+       /** The getFileCreator method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+       private static Method getFileCreator;
+       
+       /** The getFileType method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+       private static Method getFileType;
+       
+       /** The openURL method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+       private static Method openURLm;
+       
+       /** The makeOSType method of com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils */
+       private static Method makeOSType;
+       
+       /** The putParameter method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+       private static Method putParameter;
+       
+       /** The sendNoReply method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+       private static Method sendNoReply;
+       
+       /** Actually an MRJOSType pointing to the System Folder on a Macintosh 
*/
+       private static Object kSystemFolderType;
+
+       /** The keyDirectObject AppleEvent parameter type */
+       private static Integer keyDirectObject;
+
+       /** The kAutoGenerateReturnID AppleEvent code */
+       private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;
+       
+       /** The kAnyTransactionID AppleEvent code */
+       private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;
+
+       /** The linkage object required for JDirect 3 on Mac OS X. */
+       private static Object linkage;
+       
+       /** The framework to reference on Mac OS X */
+       private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = 
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";
+
+       /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.0 */
+       private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;
+       
+       /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.1 or later */
+       private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;
+
+       /** JVM constant for Java on Mac OS X 10.0 (MRJ 3.0) */
+       private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;
+       
+       /** JVM constant for MRJ 3.1 */
+       private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;
+
+       /** JVM constant for any Windows NT JVM */
+       private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;
+       
+       /** JVM constant for any Windows 9x JVM */
+       private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;
+
+       /** JVM constant for any other platform */
+       private static final int OTHER = -1;
+
+       /**
+        * The file type of the Finder on a Macintosh.  Hardcoding "Finder" 
would keep non-U.S. English
+        * systems from working properly.
+        */
+       private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";
+
+       /**
+        * The creator code of the Finder on a Macintosh, which is needed to 
send AppleEvents to the
+        * application.
+        */
+       private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";
+
+       /** The name for the AppleEvent type corresponding to a GetURL event. */
+       private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";
+
+       /**
+        * The first parameter that needs to be passed into Runtime.exec() to 
open the default web
+        * browser on Windows.
+        */
+    private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";
+    
+    /** The second parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. */
+    private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";
+    
+    /**
+     * The third parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows.  This is a "title"
+     * parameter that the command line expects.  Setting this parameter allows
+     * URLs containing spaces to work.
+     */
+    private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";
+       
+       /**
+        * The shell parameters for Netscape that opens a given URL in an 
already-open copy of Netscape
+        * on many command-line systems.
+        */
+       private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
+       private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "'openURL(";
+       private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")'";
+       
+       /**
+        * The message from any exception thrown throughout the initialization 
process.
+        */
+       private static String errorMessage;
+
+       /**
+        * An initialization block that determines the operating system and 
loads the necessary
+        * runtime data.
+        */
+       static {
+               loadedWithoutErrors = true;
+               String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
+               if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {
+                       String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
+                       String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
+                       try {
+                               double version = 
Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
+                               if (version == 2) {
+                                       jvm = MRJ_2_0;
+                               } else if (version >= 2.1 && version < 3) {
+                                       // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ 
work the same.  MRJ 2.1 actually
+                                       // works via Runtime.exec() and 2.2 
supports that but has an openURL() method
+                                       // as well that we currently ignore.
+                                       jvm = MRJ_2_1;
+                               } else if (version == 3.0) {
+                                       jvm = MRJ_3_0;
+                               } else if (version >= 3.1) {
+                                       // Assume that all 3.1 and later 
versions of MRJ work the same.
+                                       jvm = MRJ_3_1;
+                               } else {
+                                       loadedWithoutErrors = false;
+                                       errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ 
version: " + version;
+                               }
+                       } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                               loadedWithoutErrors = false;
+                               errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + 
mrjVersion;
+                       }
+               } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
+                       if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1) {
+                               jvm = WINDOWS_9x;
+                       } else {
+                               jvm = WINDOWS_NT;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       jvm = OTHER;
+               }
+               
+               if (loadedWithoutErrors) {      // if we haven't hit any errors 
yet
+                       loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * This class should be never be instantiated; this just ensures so.
+        */
+       private EjAlbertBrowserLauncher() { }
+       
+       /**
+        * Called by a static initializer to load any classes, fields, and 
methods required at runtime
+        * to locate the user's web browser.
+        * @return <code>true</code> if all intialization succeeded
+        *                      <code>false</code> if any portion of the 
initialization failed
+        */
+       private static boolean loadClasses() {
+               switch (jvm) {
+                       case MRJ_2_0:
+                               try {
+                                       Class aeTargetClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
+                                       Class osUtilsClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
+                                       Class appleEventClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
+                                       Class aeClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
+                                       aeDescClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");
+
+                                       aeTargetConstructor = 
aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class [] { int.class });
+                                       appleEventConstructor = 
appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { int.class, int.class, 
aeTargetClass, int.class, int.class });
+                                       aeDescConstructor = 
aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
+
+                                       makeOSType = 
osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("makeOSType", new Class [] { String.class });
+                                       putParameter = 
appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("putParameter", new Class[] { int.class, 
aeDescClass });
+                                       sendNoReply = 
appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("sendNoReply", new Class[] { });
+
+                                       Field keyDirectObjectField = 
aeClass.getDeclaredField("keyDirectObject");
+                                       keyDirectObject = (Integer) 
keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
+                                       Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = 
appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAutoGenerateReturnID");
+                                       kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) 
autoGenerateReturnIDField.get(null);
+                                       Field anyTransactionIDField = 
appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAnyTransactionID");
+                                       kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) 
anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
+                               } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_2_1:
+                               try {
+                                       mrjFileUtilsClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
+                                       mrjOSTypeClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
+                                       Field systemFolderField = 
mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField("kSystemFolderType");
+                                       kSystemFolderType = 
systemFolderField.get(null);
+                                       findFolder = 
mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("findFolder", new Class[] { mrjOSTypeClass 
});
+                                       getFileCreator = 
mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileCreator", new Class[] { File.class 
});
+                                       getFileType = 
mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileType", new Class[] { File.class });
+                               } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (SecurityException se) {
+                                       errorMessage = se.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_3_0:
+                           try {
+                                       Class linker = 
Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
+                                       Constructor constructor = 
linker.getConstructor(new Class[]{ Class.class });
+                                       linkage = constructor.newInstance(new 
Object[] { EjAlbertBrowserLauncher.class });
+                               } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                                       errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                                       errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_3_1:
+                               try {
+                                       mrjFileUtilsClass = 
Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
+                                       openURLm = 
mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("openURL", new Class[] { String.class });
+                               } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                                       errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                                       errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                           break;
+               }
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Attempts to locate the default web browser on the local system.  
Caches results so it
+        * only locates the browser once for each use of this class per JVM 
instance.
+        * @return The browser for the system.  Note that this may not be what 
you would consider
+        *                      to be a standard web browser; instead, it's the 
application that gets called to
+        *                      open the default web browser.  In some cases, 
this will be a non-String object
+        *                      that provides the means of calling the default 
browser.
+        */
+       private static Object locateBrowser() {
+               if (browser != null) {
+                       return browser;
+               }
+               switch (jvm) {
+                       case MRJ_2_0:
+                               try {
+                                       Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) 
makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { FINDER_CREATOR });
+                                       Object aeTarget = 
aeTargetConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { finderCreatorCode });
+                                       Integer gurlType = (Integer) 
makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { GURL_EVENT });
+                                       Object appleEvent = 
appleEventConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget, 
kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID });
+                                       // Don't set browser = appleEvent 
because then the next time we call
+                                       // locateBrowser(), we'll get the same 
AppleEvent, to which we'll already have
+                                       // added the relevant parameter. 
Instead, regenerate the AppleEvent every time.
+                                       // There's probably a way to do this 
better; if any has any ideas, please let
+                                       // me know.
+                                       return appleEvent;
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               }
+                       case MRJ_2_1:
+                               File systemFolder;
+                               try {
+                                       systemFolder = (File) 
findFolder.invoke(null, new Object[] { kSystemFolderType });
+                               } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                                       browser = null;
+                                       errorMessage = 
ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + 
ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
+                                       return browser;
+                               }
+                               String[] systemFolderFiles = 
systemFolder.list();
+                               // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be 
stopped mid-list
+                               for(int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; 
i++) {
+                                       try {
+                                               File file = new 
File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
+                                               if (!file.isFile()) {
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                               // We're looking for a file 
with a creator code of 'MACS' and
+                                               // a type of 'FNDR'.  Only 
requiring the type results in non-Finder
+                                               // applications being picked up 
on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
+                                               // especially German ones, and 
sending a GURL event to those
+                                               // applications results in a 
logout under Multiple Users.
+                                               Object fileType = 
getFileType.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
+                                               if 
(FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString())) {
+                                                       Object fileCreator = 
getFileCreator.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
+                                                       if 
(FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString())) {
+                                                               browser = 
file.toString();      // Actually the Finder, but that's OK
+                                                               return browser;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) 
{
+                                               errorMessage = 
iare.getMessage();
+                                               return null;
+                                       } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                               browser = null;
+                                               errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                                               return browser;
+                                       } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) 
{
+                                               browser = null;
+                                               errorMessage = 
ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + 
ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
+                                               return browser;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               browser = null;
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_3_0:
+                       case MRJ_3_1:
+                               browser = "";   // Return something non-null
+                               break;
+                       case WINDOWS_NT:
+                               browser = "cmd.exe";
+                               break;
+                       case WINDOWS_9x:
+                               browser = "command.com";
+                               break;
+                       case OTHER:
+                       default:
+                               browser = "netscape";
+                               break;
+               }
+               return browser;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Attempts to open the default web browser to the given URL.
+        * @param url The URL to open
+        * @throws IOException If the web browser could not be located or does 
not run
+        */
+       public static void openURL(String url) throws IOException {
+               if (!loadedWithoutErrors) {
+                       throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: " 
+ errorMessage);
+               }
+               Object browser = locateBrowser();
+               if (browser == null) {
+                       throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + 
errorMessage);
+               }
+               
+               switch (jvm) {
+                       case MRJ_2_0:
+                               Object aeDesc = null;
+                               try {
+                                       aeDesc = 
aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { url });
+                                       putParameter.invoke(browser, new 
Object[] { keyDirectObject, aeDesc });
+                                       sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new 
Object[] { });
+                               } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("InvocationTargetException while creating AEDesc: " + 
ite.getMessage());
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("IllegalAccessException while building AppleEvent: " + 
iae.getMessage());
+                               } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("InstantiationException while creating AEDesc: " + ie.getMessage());
+                               } finally {
+                                       aeDesc = null;  // Encourage it to get 
disposed if it was created
+                                       browser = null; // Ditto
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_2_1:
+                               Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { 
(String) browser, url } );
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_3_0:
+                               int[] instance = new int[1];
+                               int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
+                               if (result == 0) {
+                                       int[] selectionStart = new int[] { 0 };
+                                       byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
+                                       int[] selectionEnd = new int[] { 
urlBytes.length };
+                                       result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new 
byte[] { 0 }, urlBytes,
+                                                                               
        urlBytes.length, selectionStart,
+                                                                               
        selectionEnd);
+                                       if (result == 0) {
+                                               // Ignore the return value; the 
URL was launched successfully
+                                               // regardless of what happens 
here.
+                                               ICStop(instance);
+                                       } else {
+                                               throw new IOException("Unable 
to launch URL: " + result);
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       throw new IOException("Unable to create 
an Internet Config instance: " + result);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case MRJ_3_1:
+                               try {
+                                       openURLm.invoke(null, new Object[] { 
url });
+                               } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("InvocationTargetException while calling openURL: " + 
ite.getMessage());
+                               } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("IllegalAccessException while calling openURL: " + 
iae.getMessage());
+                               }
+                               break;
+                   case WINDOWS_NT:
+                   case WINDOWS_9x:
+                       // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and 
other special
+                       // characters to work.
+                               Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new 
String[] { (String) browser,
+                                                                               
                                                FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
+                                                                               
                                                SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
+                                                                               
                                                
(jvm==WINDOWS_9x?"":THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER),
+                                                                               
                                                '"' + url + '"' });
+                               // This avoids a memory leak on some versions 
of Java on Windows.
+                               // That's hinted at in 
<http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
+                               try {
+                                       process.waitFor();
+                                       process.exitValue();
+                               } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case OTHER:
+                               // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape 
is installed
+                               
+                               // First, attempt to open the URL in a 
currently running session of Netscape
+                               process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new 
String[] { (String) browser,
+                                                                               
                        NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
+                                                                               
                        NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START +
+                                                                               
                        url +
+                                                                               
                        NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END });
+                               try {
+                                       int exitCode = process.waitFor();
+                                       if (exitCode != 0) {    // if Netscape 
was not open
+                                               Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new 
String[] { (String) browser, url });
+                                       }
+                               } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                                       throw new 
IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               // This should never occur, but if it does, 
we'll try the simplest thing possible
+                               Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { 
(String) browser, url });
+                               break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Methods required for Mac OS X.  The presence of native methods does 
not cause
+        * any problems on other platforms.
+        */
+    /*
+       private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
+       private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
+       private native static int ICLaunchURL(int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] 
data, int len,
+                                                                               
        int[] selectionStart, int[] selectionEnd);
+    */
+    private static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature) { return 0; }
+    private static int ICStop(int[] instance) { return 0; }
+    private static int ICLaunchURL(int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] data, int 
len,
+        int[] selectionStart, int[] selectionEnd) { return 0; }
+}


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