What's the quickest way to enclose the current line the cursor is on
in, say, <li></li> tags?
Depends on what you mean by "quickest"...are you looking for a
one-shot, or are you looking for something you can map, or are
you looking to perform the action on a number of lines?
For a simple one-shot, you can just do
I<li>^[A</li>^[
(where ^[ is escape). If you want the opening tag at the
column-beginning-of-line rather than before the first, start with
"gI" instead of just "I".
If you plan to do a one-shot, but across a whole bunch of lines,
you can use
:%s!.*!<li>&</li>
Or, if you just want to do it for lines matching a particular
pattern, you can use
:g/pattern/s!.*!<li>&</li>
If you want the opening tag after leading whitespace, you can
change those to
s!^\s*\zs.*!<li>&</li>
Lastly, if it's something you want to do regularly, you can map
any of the above behaviors with something like
:nnoremap <f4> :s!^\s*\zs.*!<lt>li>&<lt>/li><cr>
Hope this gives you some ideas with which to work.
-tim