Consider the following script:

    vim --noplugin -u <(<<< "set sw=4") -c 'help :abc'

If you type `:set sw?' at this point you will be shown just its value, but if 
you type `<C-w>j:set sw?' you will see something like

  shiftwidth=4
        Last set from /proc/4285/fd/11

Same for some other options:

foldexpr cinoptions foldignore indentexpr foldlevel suffixesadd colorcolumn 
foldmethod foldminlines foldnestmax key shiftwidth concealcursor formatexpr 
keymap quoteescape synmaxcol conceallevel formatoptions syntax completefunc 
winfixheight winfixwidth tabstop numberwidth wrap omnifunc wrapmargin scroll 
bufhidden fileformat softtabstop spellfile textmode iminsert spelllang 
textwidth 
foldcolumn imsearch includeexpr cinkeys cinwords comments commentstring 
complete 
foldmarker foldtext formatlistpat indentkeys matchpairs nrformats rightleftcmd 
spellcapcheck

(obtained using script
    #!/usr/bin/zsh
    for option in $(< vimoptions.dat) ; do
        screen -D -m -S vim-test \
        vim --noplugin -u =(<<< "let &$option=&$option") \
            -c 'help :abc' \
            -c 'redir! > messages' \
            -c "verbose set $option?" \
            -c 'redir END' \
            -c 'qa!'
        if (( $(wc -l < messages) != 2 )) ; then
            echo $option
        fi
    done
)

(`command <(<<< string)' is nearly equivalent to
    TMPFILE="`mktemp`"
    echo -n string > "$TMPFILE"
    command "$TMPFILE"
 `command =(<<< string)' actually creates a temporary file (it is used because
 screen does not pass descriptor created by zsh).
)

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