I've attempted reaching both the current shell syntax file maintainer as well 
as the prior one, both at the emails listed in the syntax file itself as well 
as on their own personal websites.  The emails which didn't bounce haven't been 
answered in several weeks, so I'm posting here per the contributing guidelines.

Here is a commit which aims to fix the issue:

https://github.com/binaryphile/vim/commit/47691129d67a31ec8b633b9b78a707b91919aa2c

The file is runtime/syntax/sh.vim.

The problem:

Although the POSIX spec is slightly vague on the point, both bash and dash have 
behavior which differs from vim's syntax highlighting guidance.  I haven't 
tested against other POSIX shells, nor do I know if earlier versions of 
bash/dash behaved differently, but current versions do not.

The following code is valid bash/dash (two spaces in the terminal "  EOS"):

read myvar <<'  EOS'
some string text
  EOS

However, the syntax highlighter fails to recognize the terminal string "  EOS". 
 It instead strips the whitespace, which results in the rest of the file being 
highlighted incorrectly as a string.  If you modify the code like so, it tells 
you that the string is terminated, when in actuality it is not:

read myvar <<'  EOS'
some string text
EOS

That's it.

Ted

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