Posted by Juan Non-Volokh:
When Students Replicate Errors on Their Exams:
http://volokh.com/archives/archive_2005_05_15-2005_05_21.shtml#1116190653


   I always find it interesting to see the same error repeated in
   multiple students� exams. Sometimes this is a cause for dismay, as the
   fault is my own. Without fail, misstatements made in class are echoed
   back on students� exams. Certain errors are also evidence that a given
   concept or idea was never communicated particularly well, either by me
   or the assigned materials, and students were left with mistaken
   conclusions. It�s one thing if some students just have difficulty
   grasping a particular idea � though I hope they all �get it� by exam
   time � quite another if what they grasp is simply wrong. Although it
   has not (yet) happened to me, repeated errors on exams can also be a
   sign of cheating, particularly in closed-book exams.

   This year, once again, I found a mistake repeated in my students�
   exams, but thankfully I am not to blame. This year�s repeated mistake
   concerned a portion of a note case that is not in the casebook and
   that we never discussed in class. Fair enough, as I hardly penalize
   students for reading and referencing material not contained in the
   casebook. (Indeed, I like to see students read the assigned cases in
   their entirety, though not too many do of their own accord).

   The problem was not that several students cited a four-part test from
   the uncovered portion of the case. Rather, the problem was that the
   majority of them misstated the factors in precisely the same way.
   Oops.

   Thankfully I don�t suspect cheating. Instead I am willing to bet that
   multiple students were referring to the same external source, such as
   a treatise or commercial outline, or (more likely given the mistake)
   an outline prepared by a student who had taken my class in a previous
   year when we did cover the material in question. Then in the crush of
   preparing for the exam � or in the exam itself (which is completely
   open-book) � each of the students in this group referred to this
   source rather than the own notes and repeated the mistake. Needless to
   say, this didn�t much help them on their exams. They would all have
   been better off to rely upon their own work, or at least to have
   confirmed that their source accurately reflected the assigned
   material.

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