From: Arnaud Kodeck
From DGT, we know that the nickel needs to be above the debye
temperature for the Rossi effect to take place. Vibration in the lattice is
a key element. The Mossbauer effect could be the excitation needed for the
vibration in the lattice to take place.
Jones, can you explain what do you mean by Mossbauer isotope?
Arnaud,
First, off - I am not an expert in NMR and that is why I have been quizzing
Bob Cook about a subject that came up as far back as 1990 - in an effort to
explain the excess energy of LENR - and the lack of detectability of gamma
radiation.
Generally speaking, an isotope - usually with odd numbered amu such as
iron-57 or nickel-61, can permit a limited kind of "photon chain reaction"
of moderate energy photons due to a loss-free (recoilless)
absorption/emission nuclear property, and this would be especially true
within an "exciton" of the host metal.
I'm guessing that since the role of 57Fe is well-known in spectroscopy, you
are really asking how a corresponding nickel isotope nickel participates in
a similar reaction, where we are interested in bulk energy effects and not
subtle physical effects which are illuminated by the coherence.
That bulk effect, if it exists - would be the "inverted" reaction. Of
course, the reaction must involve photons below the detection limit - since
no gamma is detected. It would also probably need to involve infrared
coherence, and the idea is that in an inverted reaction there can be
frequency upshifting so two widely separated spectra are locked in phase.
In nickel at 350 degrees C, the nuclei will be moving chaotically due to
thermal motion, but not as chaotically if there is IR coherence
(superradiance) at near 10 THz. This part has actually been detected by NASA
but not the rest of the hypothesis. A moderate energy photon, of the
Mossbauer type - but below the detection limit of about 4 keV interacts
with, or is emitted by a nucleus which has a spread of vibrational values,
and there is a the Doppler effect. This photon can be called a gamma ray,
since it is of nuclear origin, but because the energy level must be low to
avoid detection - the terminology is x-ray. This is all hypothetical of
course.
Problem is: and may you realize this - the known value for nickel-61 of a
resonant photon is 67.4 keV which would have been detected in the Rossi
experiment. Therefore either there is either a second active Mossbauer
isotope, or a lower level resonance, below the detectability level. Of more
likely - the inverted Mossbauer effect is a fiction.
Anyway, to produce a resonant third signal, the two energies - the main
x-ray photon and Doppler shifted photon need to overlap at the IR resonance
(this signal will be in the range of FIR - far infrared at about 5-30 THz).
Thus a putative inverted system would be in limited photon/phonon coherence
and possess a limited photon/phonon chain reaction capability at some level
which is not detectable by normal Geiger/radiation meters.
To backtrack, what Mössbauer discovered is that when the atoms are within a
solid matrix the effective mass of the nucleus is very much greater. The
recoiling mass is now effectively the mass of the whole system and if the
photon energy is small enough the recoil of the nucleus is too low to be
transmitted as a phonon and so the whole system recoils as if it were
coherent and it can be actually coherent in the IR range if the blackbody
peak is narrowed.
In the inverted version, presumably the resonance will allow FIR energy to
resonate as if the whole system were coherent and this will be upshifted to
a level felt by the nucleus (low keV). However, to my thinking this does not
work at 67.4 keV so the whole theory falls apart.
As you will notice, this suggestion has not been well-vetted - even after 24
years, so take it for what it's worth.
Jones
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