While we are on the subject of Second Law violators - Ken Rauen published an interesting article in Infinite Energy magazine which discusses the history of the Second Law and some known exceptions and comes to the final conclusion that "what has been known about the behavior of heat and entropy, as embodied in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, is incomplete."
Here is the complete article: http://blog.hasslberger.com/docs/Rauen%2355.pdf Maybe he should have called it a “rule of thumb” :-) BTW – we should step back and relook at the Cravens NI-Week demo in the context of Epicatalysis, and as an example of something similar but more robust than Sheehan. Cravens was getting much higher COP, at modest temps. There is no apparent reason to drop all the way back to ambient. The gain could be due to hydrogen bond asymmetry only – meaning that there is an asymmetry in hydrogen catalysis using some metal combinations which is actually gainful. That would be in the sense of allowing the chemical bond to be split with slightly less energy than it gives up on re-bonding. This could define Craven’s system as well, no? From: H Veeder The COP measure by itself is inadequate for evaluating the productivity of such systems. Carnot efficiency (which will exceed 100%) should be included in the measure somehow. harry
