Harvey, I made a few comments in the text. Regards, Ed Storms
Harvey Norris wrote: > > Hi all... > I'm new to the cold fusion field but just glanced at a > good primer by Ed Storms > http://www.lenr-canr.org/StudentsGuide.htm > Just a few questions I have... > Is palladium as an electrode essential for cold fusion > experiments? No, but it has been given the greatest study. > What about the possibility of producing water that has > palladium colloids, or minute deposits of palladium > made as colloidal palladium water by high voltage arc > methods? This is called palladium-black and can be made using several different methods. Some produce active material and some do not. I've been into the silver colloidal water > thing for a couple of years and just made a couple of > batches to get over a cold. Silver has amazing > germicidal qualities and is non toxic for drinking > purposes. I understand that silver is the only metal > that will easily produce colloids by simply sending a > direct DC current through water using pure silver > electrodes, and it is very reactive, but by keeping > the current under one milliamp between electrodes, the > preferable smaller colloids are produced without > excessive black deposits of silver oxide(?) forming on > the positive terminal. I am told that it is the > positive terminal that outputs the metal into the > water as a colloid.( For low voltage DC regimens) Silver colloid can be retained by the solution only because a small fraction of the AgO colloidal particles are neutral so that they do not plate out on the electrodes. However, most particles have a charge and plate on both electrodes, producing a growing deposit that is very complex. When ingested, the AgO forms AgCl, which provides a buffered, low concentration of Ag+ ions, which are the actual active component. Ag+ at too high a concentration forms metallic silver in contact with tissue so that formation of this compound is essential to carry the correct concentration throughout the body without loss of Ag+ and graying of tissue that might be in contact. In > later experiments for other purposes I wanted to made > a water that would be slightly magnetic, so I tried > the same low voltage DC technique with magnetic > Canadian coins of nickel. This did not work, and I was > informed then that only silver will work with that DC > low voltage method, and for production of other > colloidal waters, high voltage arcing methods must be > used. Typically an AC neon transformer is used to > produce an underwater arcing between electrodes from > what I understand. Now I have become interested in > making some gold colloidal water, which uses are > questionable for ingestion, but it is said to be > useful for mental clarity. I have these huge induction > coils that produce a very good DC induction arc so I > wish to employ that method of arcing to produce the > gold colloids. Since I am going to try doing this, it > also occured to me that it might be useful to produce > some palladium colloidal water for electrolysis > experiments. I tried this with silver water, but all > it did was gradually make silver deposits on the > electrodes, and precipitated black deposits taken out > of the solution at the bottom of the water; and the > gold color of the solution gradually diminished, > implying the the DC potential difference of electrodes > has taken the silver colloids out of the solution, > also implying that it must be a predominantly ionic > colloidal deposit made by that low voltage method. If > the same thing were to occur with a palladium > colloidal solution; would this not be a method to > "electroplate" a small amount of palladium of the > electrodes themselves, if they were not themselves > palladium? Might this not be useful for producing > electrodes with a small amount of palladium imbedded > into them? Yes, and this and other methods have been tried with mixed success. Palladium sheet itself seems to be fairly > expensive, probably a hundred dollars for a couple of > square inches at best. But I noticed I could obtain a > foot of wire for the same cost at > Surepure Chemetals > http://www.surepure.com/products.php?ID=1&subCat=10 > > Dont know if it would be worth my while to try making > a palladium colloidal solution, or whether if it is > even possible, as my chemistry knowledge is null. It > probably has a lot to do with valences of metal atoms, > and whether they can be reactive enough to produce > colloids, I dont know, but I thought I would throw out > the idea to vortex list to see if I get any comments > on this from others far more knowledgable on the > subject. Following is a post to a gold colloidal list; > [EMAIL PROTECTED] : describing my proposed > DC induction arc methoid for producing colloids... > > The way I will first try this is unconventional. I > plan to instead use a DC induction arc. If this fails > I have NST's at my disposal. I am open to any comments > on the issue of DC vs AC. In my early experimentation > with the ordinary methods of making silver colloidal > water with troy once bars immersed in distilled water, > I tried AC with that method and obtained no results, > DC is essential in that process, but I understand that > high voltage AC with an arcing process also produces > good results. This induction arc method may be beyond > the scope of most experimentors because of the size of > the inductors needed to procure a decent induction > arc, but I will also make a suggestion for those > wishing to pursue the matter, but first I should > determine whether it will work. > > It is my belief that air core inductors should produce > the best induction arc. The induction arc is actually > a high voltage method although relatively low DC > voltages can be inputed into the coil. Many years ago > I built an unconventional copper magnetic motor > somewhat based on the Newman machine. I used 4 huge > coils of copper wire to do this. The primary problem > with the machine construction wise was that horrendous > induction arcs occured on the commutator when the > polarity of the coils was shut down so it could be > reversed. The rotating commutator actually encouraged > this induction arc formation. This was because when > the DC circuit is broken, the faster the speed of the > breaking contacts, the higher the voltage that is > generated on the induction arc. The coils I used were > massive, some 9 miles of 23 gauge wire on a spool > weighing 80 lbs, having 1000 ohms and 60 henry > inductance. 440 AC from a step up transformer can be > safely rectified to DC and passed through the 1000 ohm > coils. One can easily procure a steady arc of 1/8 inch > by just breaking the connection and gradually moving > the break apart. However if one makes a break with > great speed of separation, arcs longer then 1/8 inch > result. The greater the effort to break the connection > on the DC current, the faster the magnetic field > collapses on itself, and this is the mechanism that > creates a higher voltage then what the source is > inputing. These DC induction arcs are very self > sustaining, and actually probably represent an AC > riding on the DC signal at presumably a high > frequency. This superior continuity of the arc is the > reason I wish to try DC, instead of AC high voltage > for the arc, since apparently the method for making > colloids at high voltage involves passing the arc > through water, and keeping an arc going through water > is a difficult proposition I would imagine. Perhaps > some others more experienced on this matter can make a > comment on whether they have difficulties on keeping > an underwater arc going. > > As I have indicated, the more one tries to break the > induction arc, the faster the magnetic field collapses > on itself, and the higher the self generated voltage > obtained form the collapsing magnetic field. Whether > in fact the magnetic field collapses in a miniscule > amount of time, and then reasserts itself in space by > the field again expanding should be determined by > scopings of an adjacent inductor over the coils pole, > to see in fact if the suspected frequency of the AC > signal riding on the DC can be scoped out. I know > from past experience that these induction arcs cause > massive radio interference, the process emits an > electromagnetic wave. At one time I had accidently > produced a singing arc, that emited a sort of high > pitched weird musical note, but efforts to reproduce > that effect failed. They actually have speakers that > produce music from a vibrating arc, so those things > are possible, but off topic for this discourse. > > Since the best induction arc is made with the highest > relative motion of electrode breaking, I plan on > having the water fall by gravity through the separated > electrodes. Thus a moving water sample might achieve > the same idea as moving electrodes to make a higher > voltage at the induction arc. To accomplish this I > will make 5 gallons at a time, placed in a holding > container with a spout that leaks the water out 5 > gallons per run. It may take many runs to accomplish a > batch. I will also see if a cold temperature of the > water is beneficial, as electrolysis experiments > suggest that a wide variance of conductivity is > achieved by temperature differences. > > The thought that air core inductors might provide a > better induction arc is based on the fact that air > core inductors have a magnetic field widely > distributed in space, thus a higher speed of collapse, > thus a higher voltage to enable the induction arc. > Although we might achieve the needed high inductance > with a ferromagnetic core, the magnetic field is then > not widely distributed in space,it is confined to the > low reluctance pathway of the metal if the core is > close looped as in a transformer core; therefore the > speed of the magnetic field collapse should not be as > great. > > As an alternative to the large copper coils, I have a > spool of steel tie ribbon, where I have noted that > induction arcs can also be obtained from that coil. > This is similar to what is used on a loaf of bread, to > tie the bag closed at the end. My steel coil is ~ 2 > henry @ 1500 ohms, obtained many years ago from > factory employment. This may turn out to be a cheaper > buy for those wishing to explore the induction arc > method. It is thought that perhaps because the > inductor wire is steel, this might aid in achieving a > higher inductance, but I will try both copper and > steel inductors and report back on the feasibility of > using steel coils. > > Sincerely Harvey D Norris > > ===== > Tesla Research Group; Pioneering the Applications of Interphasal Resonances > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/teslafy/
