----- Original Messages ----- From: Frederick Sparber and Horace Heffner > Does this mean that Bridgman's high pressure squeezing of water/ice dumped energy, then ZPE "pumped in enough energy to allow it to "explode" when the pressure was released? [snip] or the 1/R^4 attractive force between the plates in the Casimir Effect?
Someone seems to have been 'mind-reading' a post I was working on in which I was going to suggest that nano-sized water-ice crystals, in a liquid "slush" using LN, liquid air, or liquid N2O as the carrier liquids, when pulse spayed into a turbine of ICE, might possibly utilize Casimir forces (or Horace's related AEH) instead of heat energy in order to achieve the 800-to-1 expansion ratio of these liquids. Don't you love it that ICE also refers to the internal combustion engine, as well as a potential fuel ? BTW keep in mind that the expansion (compression) ratio in most auto engines is 10-1 or in diesels, it is the more efficient 25-1 but with 800-1 expansion ratio, and with zero losses on the compression side (the have already occurred on the manufacturing side), my only question is - why hasn't someone stumbled on this before now? ANSWER: I doubt if one in hundred automotive engineers remembers the Bridgman effect from an old college course (but every materials engineer like Frank Grimer knows it well) nor have these guys got even the slightest clue that the Casimir force is a potentially "real" resource, just waiting to be used when the proper "geometry" can be accommodated in the fuel itself. Exploding ice is real and is OU (as is the 'exploding glass' phenomena from Sandia) - no doubt about that. The only question is, can it be applied to nano-particulates on a fast sequential time scale. Jones BTW, dredged up this old post to Horace re: his AEH hypothesis wrt electrolyzed water-ice being used as a fuel: Congratulations, Horace, I think you are finally on the verge of not only "getting it," but supplying a major missing piece of the puzzle....and yes the AEH (which had escaped my memory up to now) must indeed be a major and essential factor in the putative phenomenon of water-fuel. > In the discussion of the use of water vapor to increase internal combustion efficiency, perhaps consideration should be given to maximizing the creation of H+ ions, or any reduced volume ions, during and immediately prior to the compression cycle. It may well be the creation of such ions during electrical discharges in water, and the pressure increase due to the heat energy and confinement of the water, may account for some of the free energy results of the Graneaus'. In previous posts, it has been suggested that much of the "free energy" of water-fuel (assuming that it is a real phenomenon) could most likely be related to ice-explosion and/or to clathrate-hydrate production followed by the sequential and immediate destruction (explosion) of the clathrate as part of the normal cycle of an ICE (internal combustion engine). Specifically, I have mentioned three ions that might possibly form the core of water-fuel clathrates in an electric field, the prime one being the hydroxyl radical, OH+ and its close chemical relative, the hydro-[snip]radical: HO2+ and of course, hydronium. All of these have polar affinity to water molecules and may serve to form the nucleating core of clathrate-hydrates when air is entrained by cold water in an electrolysis cell, prior to being introduced into a partial vacuum. When drawn into a partial vacuum by a modified ICE on its intake stroke, an external layer of the charged "fog" microspheres that will be formed in the electrolysis cell will sublimate (flash off) immediately from the surface of each tiny sphere of the mist, adding compressive stress to the smaller sphere that remains - while at the same time withdrawing the heat of vaporization from the smaller sphere that remains, so that we end up a clathrate-hydrate for a millisecond or two. Clathrate hydrates are cage-like structures of surprising strength composed of water-ice surrounding another molecule(s). Air-clathrate hydrates - specifically might have the time to first form, and then immediately explode, in the course of a single half revolution of an ICE, a time frame of 10 milliseconds or so, due to the alternating sequence of vacuum and compression. This would require the convergence of: 1) Very cold water 2) An electric field 3) Injection into a partial vacuum, followed immediately by high compression on a very short time frame Structure II hydrates a cages for any number of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, as well as a host of larger molecules and ions. The unit cell consists of 136 hydrogen bonded water molecules arranged in 16 dodecahedral cages and 8 hexadecahedral cages. The 16 small cages have a radius of 3.91 A and can hold molecules with diameter less than 5 A. The 8 large cages are 4.73 A in radius and can hold molecules with diameters of 6.7 A or less and its cubic unit is 17 A on a side. The normal Structure II clathrate-hydrate has a tensile strength that has been estimated to be higher than many metals, though not as high as palladium. In the past I have assumed that the triaxial failure of the bonding of these strong cages (as well as normal ice spheres) have supplied most of the excess energy of water fuel. This is the basis of what I have been calling "CAMFR" of chemically-assisted-mechanical-failure-reactions. Having revisited your AEH just now, it seem pretty clear to me that these "expansion" mechanics of yours (if broadened to include other ions) must figure directly into CAMFR as a major factor in any excess energy that derives from water fuel. (no snub was intended - I had simply forgotten about your theory). The AEH would seem to provide the best explanation for the internal pressure differential which is the factor behind the all-important PV^6 relationship that was discovered by Frank Grimer. Therefore all of this is integral to an evolving theory. I don't see the AEH as an alternative or competing idea but part and parcel of an increasingly complex phenomenon. In fact, we have given your ideas a 6th-power boost, so to speak. It has always seemed that water-fuel (assuming it is real) must be a very complex convergence of interlocking events - in a process which has been fortuitously rediscovered numerous times in the past 70 years basically through "hit or miss" type of experimentation (although the Garrett patent of 1935 which is the source of almost all of the so-called "free-energy suppression" myths, may have been the first bona fide evidence of CAMFR / AEH. The possibility that water can be used as fuel is little appreciated till recently, snubbed-at really, nor has it yet to be optimized or even available "on demand", but this lack of interest could be indicative of the fact that no one amassed the necessary range of information necessary to grasp the complicated inter-disciplinary mechanics involved, and no scientist with a reputation (and tenure) wanted to touch the subject. Their loss, our gain (maybe). When Occam is your credo, you will necessarily miss everything that by its very nature is resistant to easy explanation.
